圣路易斯华盛顿大学

2025 USNewsзҫҺеӣҪеӨ§еӯҰжҺ’еҗҚпјҡ21 (↑3) пјҲзӮ№еҮ»жҹҘзңӢеӯҰйҷў/дё“дёҡ/дё–з•ҢеӨ§еӯҰжҺ’еҗҚпјү

еӯҰж ЎеҲ«еҗҚ/зј©еҶҷпјҡWashU

еӯҰж ЎжҖ§иҙЁпјҡз§Ғз«ӢйқһзӣҲеҲ©пјҲ4е№ҙеҲ¶пјү ж— е®—ж•ҷ

еӯҰжңҹеҲ¶еәҰпјҡеӯҰжңҹеҲ¶пјҲSemesterпјү

зҺ°д»»ж Ўй•ҝпјҡAndrew D. Martin (H E Bridge Chancellor of Washington University)

еӯҰж ЎзҪ‘еқҖпјҡhttps://wustl.edu/пјӣ з”өиҜқпјҡ3149355000

еӯҰж ЎжүҖеңЁең°пјҡOne Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, 63130-4899

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰпјҲWashington University in St. LouisпјҢз®Җз§°WUSTLпјүдҪҚдәҺзҫҺеӣҪеҜҶиӢҸйҮҢе·һеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеёӮпјҢжҳҜдёҖжүҖдә«жңүеӣҪйҷ…еЈ°иӘүзҡ„з§Ғз«Ӣ研究еһӢеӨ§еӯҰгҖӮиҜҘж ЎжҲҗз«ӢдәҺ1853е№ҙпјҢд»Ҙе…¶еҚ“и¶Ҡзҡ„еӯҰжңҜж°ҙе№іе’Ңе№ҝжіӣзҡ„еӯҰ科и®ҫзҪ®иҖҢй—»еҗҚгҖӮеӯҰж Ўзҡ„ж Ўи®ӯжҳҜ“Per Veritatem Vis”пјҲйҖҡиҝҮзңҹзҗҶиҺ·еҫ—еҠӣйҮҸпјүпјҢдҪ“зҺ°дәҶеӯҰж ЎеҜ№зҹҘиҜҶе’ҢзңҹзҗҶзҡ„иҝҪжұӮзІҫзҘһгҖӮ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„ж ЎеӣӯзҺҜеўғе……ж»ЎдәҶжө“еҺҡзҡ„еӯҰжңҜж°ӣеӣҙе’Ңдәәж–Үж°”жҒҜгҖӮеӯҰж ЎеҚ ең°169иӢұдә©пјҢжӢҘжңүеӨҡдёӘйЈҺж јеҗ„ејӮзҡ„е»әзӯ‘зҫӨе’Ңе№ҝйҳ”зҡ„з»ҝең°пјҢжҸҗдҫӣдәҶдёҖдёӘзҗҶжғізҡ„еӯҰд№ е’Ңз”ҹжҙ»зҺҜеўғгҖӮеӯҰж Ўзҡ„еӣҫд№ҰйҰҶзі»з»ҹйқһеёёе®Ңе–„пјҢеҢ…еҗ«еҘҘжһ—еӣҫд№ҰйҰҶпјҲOlin LibraryпјүеңЁеҶ…зҡ„еӨҡеә§еӣҫд№ҰйҰҶпјҢе…ұ收и—ҸдәҶи¶…иҝҮ400дёҮеҶҢеӣҫд№Ұе’ҢеӨ§йҮҸзҡ„з”өеӯҗиө„жәҗпјҢдёәеӯҰз”ҹе’Ңж•ҷеёҲжҸҗдҫӣдәҶдё°еҜҢзҡ„еӯҰжңҜиө„жәҗгҖӮ

еңЁеёҲиө„й…ҚзҪ®ж–№йқўпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжӢҘжңүдёҖж”Ҝй«ҳзҙ иҙЁзҡ„ж•ҷеёҲйҳҹдјҚпјҢи®ёеӨҡж•ҷжҺҲеңЁеҗ„иҮӘзҡ„研究йўҶеҹҹеҸ–еҫ—дәҶжқ°еҮәзҡ„жҲҗе°ұпјҢе…·жңүе№ҝжіӣзҡ„еӣҪйҷ…еҪұе“ҚеҠӣгҖӮеӯҰж ЎиҝҳжіЁйҮҚи·ЁеӯҰ科зҡ„研究е’Ңж•ҷеӯҰпјҢйј“еҠұеёҲз”ҹеңЁдёҚеҗҢеӯҰ科д№Ӣй—ҙиҝӣиЎҢеӯҰжңҜдәӨжөҒдёҺеҗҲдҪңгҖӮиҝҷж ·зҡ„еӯҰжңҜзҺҜеўғдёҚд»…жҸҗеҚҮдәҶж•ҷеӯҰиҙЁйҮҸпјҢд№ҹдёәеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶжӣҙеӨҡе…ғзҡ„еӯҰд№ е’Ң研究жңәдјҡгҖӮ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„дё“дёҡи®ҫзҪ®йқһеёёеӨҡж ·еҢ–пјҢж¶өзӣ–дәҶж–ҮзҗҶгҖҒе•Ҷ科гҖҒе·ҘзЁӢгҖҒеҢ»еӯҰгҖҒжі•еӯҰзӯүеӨҡдёӘйўҶеҹҹгҖӮе…¶дёӯпјҢ欧жһ—е•ҶеӯҰйҷўпјҲOlin Business Schoolпјүе’ҢйәҰеҮҜе°”з»ҙе·ҘзЁӢеӯҰйҷўпјҲMcKelvey School of Engineeringпјүе°ӨдёәзҹҘеҗҚпјҢеҹ№е…»дәҶеӨ§йҮҸзҡ„дјҳз§ҖдәәжүҚгҖӮеӯҰж Ўзҡ„еҢ»еӯҰйҷўпјҲWashington University School of MedicineпјүжӣҙжҳҜдё–з•ҢйЎ¶е°–зҡ„еҢ»еӯҰж•ҷиӮІе’Ң研究жңәжһ„д№ӢдёҖпјҢжӢҘжңүдј—еӨҡжқ°еҮәзҡ„еҢ»еӯҰ科研жҲҗжһңгҖӮ

еңЁжҜ•дёҡз”ҹе°ұдёҡж–№йқўпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„жҜ•дёҡз”ҹе№ҝеҸ—йӣҮдё»йқ’зқҗгҖӮеӯҰж Ўзҡ„иҒҢдёҡдёӯеҝғжҸҗдҫӣдё°еҜҢзҡ„е°ұдёҡиө„жәҗе’ҢжҢҮеҜјпјҢеё®еҠ©еӯҰз”ҹеңЁжҜ•дёҡеҗҺйЎәеҲ©иҝӣе…ҘиҒҢеңәгҖӮи®ёеӨҡж ЎеҸӢеңЁеҗ„иЎҢеҗ„дёҡеҸ–еҫ—дәҶжҳҫи‘—зҡ„жҲҗе°ұпјҢеҰӮиҜәиҙқе°”еҘ–еҫ—дё»гҖҒзҹҘеҗҚдјҒдёҡ家е’Ңж”ҝз•ҢиҰҒе‘ҳзӯүпјҢдёәжҜҚж Ўиөўеҫ—дәҶе№ҝжіӣзҡ„еЈ°иӘүгҖӮ

жҖ»дҪ“иҖҢиЁҖпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰд»Ҙе…¶еҚ“и¶Ҡзҡ„еӯҰжңҜж°ҙе№ігҖҒдјҳзҫҺзҡ„ж ЎеӣӯзҺҜеўғе’ҢејәеӨ§зҡ„еёҲиө„еҠӣйҮҸпјҢжҲҗдёәе…ЁзҗғйЎ¶е°–зҡ„й«ҳзӯүж•ҷиӮІжңәжһ„д№ӢдёҖпјҢеҗёеј•дәҶжқҘиҮӘдё–з•Ңеҗ„ең°зҡ„дјҳз§ҖеӯҰеӯҗеүҚжқҘжұӮеӯҰгҖӮ

иҝ‘е№ҙжқҘпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„ж•°жҚ®е‘ҲзҺ°еҮәдёҖдәӣжҳҫи‘—зҡ„еҸҳеҢ–пјҢзү№еҲ«жҳҜеңЁеӯҰиҙ№гҖҒеӯҰз”ҹдәәж•°е’ҢдҝқжңүзҺҮж–№йқўгҖӮиҝҷдәӣеҸҳеҢ–дёҚд»…еҸҚжҳ дәҶеӯҰж Ўжң¬иә«зҡ„еҸ‘еұ•и¶ӢеҠҝпјҢд№ҹеңЁдёҖе®ҡзЁӢеәҰдёҠеҸҚжҳ дәҶзҫҺеӣҪй«ҳзӯүж•ҷиӮІзҡ„ж•ҙдҪ“и¶ӢеҠҝгҖӮ

йҰ–е…ҲпјҢеӯҰиҙ№дёҠеҚҮе№…еәҰжҳҫи‘—гҖӮд»Һ2013е№ҙзҡ„43705зҫҺе…ғпјҢеҲ°2023е№ҙзҡ„60590зҫҺе…ғпјҢеҚҒе№ҙй—ҙеӯҰиҙ№еўһй•ҝдәҶе°Ҷиҝ‘39%гҖӮиҝҷдёҚд»…д»…жҳҜеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„зҺ°иұЎпјҢе®һйҷ…дёҠд№ҹжҳҜзҫҺеӣҪи®ёеӨҡз§Ғз«ӢеӨ§еӯҰжҷ®йҒҚеӯҳеңЁзҡ„й—®йўҳгҖӮеӯҰиҙ№зҡ„дёҚж–ӯдёҠж¶Ёз»ҷеӯҰз”ҹе’Ң家еәӯеёҰжқҘдәҶжҳҫи‘—зҡ„з»ҸжөҺеҺӢеҠӣпјҢд№ҹеј•еҸ‘дәҶеҜ№й«ҳзӯүж•ҷиӮІжҲҗжң¬ж•ҲзӣҠзҡ„е№ҝжіӣи®Ёи®әгҖӮ

е…¶ж¬ЎпјҢеӯҰз”ҹдәәж•°зЁіжӯҘеўһй•ҝгҖӮжң¬з§‘з”ҹд»Һ2013е№ҙзҡ„7259дәәеўһеҠ еҲ°2023е№ҙзҡ„8132дәәпјҢ研究з”ҹдәәж•°д№ҹжңүзұ»дјјзҡ„еўһй•ҝи¶ӢеҠҝгҖӮиҝҷдёҖеўһй•ҝеҸҚжҳ дәҶиҜҘж ЎеңЁеҗёеј•еӯҰз”ҹж–№йқўзҡ„жҲҗеҠҹпјҢеҗҢж—¶д№ҹеҸҜиғҪдёҺеӯҰж ЎжҸҗдҫӣзҡ„еӯҰжңҜиө„жәҗе’Ңж•ҷиӮІиҙЁйҮҸжҸҗеҚҮжңүе…ігҖӮеўһеҠ зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹдәәж•°д№ҹж„Ҹе‘ізқҖеӯҰж ЎйңҖиҰҒжӣҙдёәжңүж•Ҳзҡ„з®ЎзҗҶе’ҢжӣҙеӨҡзҡ„иө„жәҗжҠ•е…ҘпјҢд»ҘзЎ®дҝқж•ҷиӮІиҙЁйҮҸдёҚеҸ—еҪұе“ҚгҖӮ

жңҖеҗҺпјҢеӯҰз”ҹдҝқжңүзҺҮиҷҪ然жҖ»дҪ“дёҠдҝқжҢҒеңЁиҫғй«ҳж°ҙе№іпјҢдҪҶеңЁ2021е№ҙеҮәзҺ°дәҶдёҖе®ҡзҡ„жіўеҠЁгҖӮд»Һ2013е№ҙзҡ„96.2%еҲ°2023е№ҙзҡ„95.9%пјҢдёӯй—ҙжңүеҮ е№ҙзҡ„дҝқжңүзҺҮз”ҡиҮіи¶…иҝҮдәҶ97%гҖӮ2021е№ҙзҡ„дёӢйҷҚеҸҜиғҪдёҺе…Ёзҗғж–°еҶ з–«жғ…зӣёе…іпјҢиҜҘдәӢ件еҜ№е…Ёзҗғж•ҷиӮІзі»з»ҹйҖ жҲҗдәҶе·ЁеӨ§зҡ„еҶІеҮ»пјҢи®ёеӨҡеӯҰж Ўзҡ„дҝқжңүзҺҮйғҪеҸ—еҲ°дәҶеҪұе“ҚгҖӮе°Ҫз®ЎеҰӮжӯӨпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„дҝқжңүзҺҮдҫқж—§дҝқжҢҒеңЁй«ҳж°ҙе№іпјҢжҳҫзӨәдәҶе…¶еңЁеә”еҜ№еҚұжңәж–№йқўзҡ„йҹ§жҖ§е’ҢиғҪеҠӣгҖӮ

з»јеҗҲжқҘзңӢпјҢиҝҷдәӣж•°жҚ®еҸҚжҳ дәҶеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеңЁеә”еҜ№еӨ–йғЁжҢ‘жҲҳе’ҢеҶ…йғЁеҸ‘еұ•йңҖжұӮж–№йқўзҡ„еӨҡж–№йқўеҠӘеҠӣгҖӮйҡҸзқҖж—¶й—ҙзҡ„жҺЁз§»пјҢиҝҷдәӣи¶ӢеҠҝеҖјеҫ—жҢҒз»ӯе…іжіЁпјҢд»ҘдҫҝжӣҙеҘҪең°зҗҶи§ЈиҜҘж ЎеңЁй«ҳзӯүж•ҷиӮІйўҶеҹҹзҡ„ең°дҪҚе’ҢеҪұе“ҚеҠӣгҖӮ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеӯҰдҪҚеҸҠдё“дёҡи®ҫзҪ®

еҘҘжһ—е•ҶеӯҰйҷў

еҘҘжһ—е•ҶеӯҰйҷўпјҲOlin Business SchoolпјүжҳҜдёҖдёӘе°Ҹ规模зҡ„йЎ¶е°–е•ҶеӯҰйҷўпјҢиғҪеӨҹи®©еӯҰз”ҹе’ҢиҖҒеёҲжӣҙеҘҪзҡ„иҝӣиЎҢж·ұеұӮж¬Ўдә’еҠЁгҖӮиҜҘеӯҰйҷўи®ҫз«ӢдәҶжң¬з§‘еӯҰдҪҚпјҲBSBAпјүгҖҒMBAпјҲе…Ёж—ҘеҲ¶MBAгҖҒдё“дёҡMBAгҖҒиЎҢж”ҝMBAпјүгҖҒдё“дёҡзЎ•еЈ«пјҲMACCгҖҒMSAгҖҒMSFгҖҒMSSCMгҖҒйўҶеҜјз§‘еӯҰзЎ•еЈ«пјүе’ҢеҚҡеЈ«пјҲе•ҶдёҡеҚҡеЈ«гҖҒе·Ҙе•Ҷз®ЎзҗҶеҚҡеЈ«пјүеӯҰдҪҚгҖӮйҖҡиҝҮеҹ№е…»еӯҰз”ҹз§ҜжһҒзҡ„д»·еҖји§ӮпјҢи®©еӯҰз”ҹе…·еӨҮйўҶеҜјиғҪеҠӣгҖӮ

е·ҘзЁӢеӯҰйҷў

е·ҘзЁӢеӯҰйҷўпјҲMcKelvey School of EngineeringпјүиҮҙеҠӣдәҺдҝғиҝӣе·ҘзЁӢеӯҰзҡ„研究пјҢе°Ҷе·ҘзЁӢ研究зҡ„еҚ“и¶ҠжҖ§е’ҢеҲӣж–°жҖ§дҪңдёәж•ҷеӯҰзҡ„йҮҚзӮ№пјҢдёҺе…¶д»–еӯҰ科иҝӣиЎҢж— иҫ№з•Ңзҡ„еҗҲдҪңгҖӮиҜҘеӯҰйҷўдёәжң¬з§‘研究з”ҹз»јеҗҲеӯҰйҷўпјҢдёәеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶдё°еҜҢзҡ„иҜҫзЁӢпјҢ并дёәеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶиҺ·еҫ—еҸҢеӯҰдҪҚзҡ„еҸҜиғҪгҖӮеӯҰйҷўжҺЁеҮәдәҶж–°зҡ„и·ЁеӯҰ科计еҲ’пјҢејҖи®ҫдәҶе·ҘзЁӢдёҺ科еӯҰгҖҒж•°жҚ®з§‘еӯҰгҖҒжқҗж–ҷ科еӯҰе’ҢзҪ‘з»ңе®үе…Ёзӯүзӣёе…ійўҶеҹҹзҡ„з»јеҗҲиҜҫзЁӢгҖӮ

еҢ»еӯҰйҷў

еҢ»еӯҰйҷўпјҲSchool of MedicineпјүиҮҙеҠӣдәҺжҺЁеҠЁе…Ёдё–з•Ңдәәзұ»зҡ„еҒҘеә·еҸ‘еұ•пјҢжҳҜжӮЈиҖ…жҠӨзҗҶгҖҒ研究е’Ңж•ҷиӮІзҡ„йўҶеҜјиҖ…гҖӮиҜҘеӯҰйҷўи®ҫзҪ®дәҶ32дёӘжң¬з§‘з”ҹеӯҰдҪҚпјҢдёҚж–ӯжҺўзҙўеҢ»з–—科еӯҰзҹҘиҜҶпјҢдёәеҢ»еӯҰж•ҷиӮІжҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҲӣж–°зҡ„еҢ»з–—зҹҘиҜҶгҖӮеӯҰйҷўзҡ„еҢ»еӯҰж•ҷиӮІпјҲMDпјүгҖҒиҒҢдёҡжІ»з–—гҖҒеҗ¬еҠӣеӯҰгҖҒйҖҡдҝЎз§‘еӯҰд»ҘеҸҠзү©зҗҶжІ»з–—иҜҫзЁӢеңЁUS.NewsдёҠеҢ»еӯҰиҜҫзЁӢжҺ’еҗҚйқ еүҚгҖӮеӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»ҘеңЁе·ҙжҒ©ж–ҜзҠ№еӨӘеҢ»йҷўе’ҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–Ҝе„ҝз«ҘеҢ»йҷўиҝҷдёӨжүҖйЎ¶зә§ж•ҷиӮІеҢ»йҷўеӯҰд№ пјҢиҺ·еҫ—жӣҙеӨҡзҡ„е®һи·өж“ҚдҪңз»ҸйӘҢгҖӮ

 

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжҜ•дёҡз”ҹдәәж•°з»ҹи®Ў

жҜ•дёҡз”ҹеҲҶеёғз»ҹи®Ўж•°жҚ®дёӯпјҢеҢ…жӢ¬иҜҘеӯҰж ЎжүҖжңүеҲҶзұ»еҸҠдёӢеұһдё“дёҡжҜ•дёҡеӯҰз”ҹдәәж•°жғ…еҶөгҖӮйҖүжӢ©е…ЁдҪ“жҜ•дёҡз”ҹгҖҒжҲ–иҖ…жң¬з§‘гҖҒзЎ•еЈ«гҖҒеҚҡеЈ«еҚіеҸҜжҹҘзңӢзӣёеә”еӯҰдҪҚзҡ„дё“дёҡеҲҶзұ»жҜ•дёҡз”ҹдәәж•°жғ…еҶөгҖӮ

зӮ№еҮ»дё“дёҡзұ»еҲ«иҝӣдёҖжӯҘжҹҘзңӢе…·дҪ“з»ҶеҲҶдё“дёҡзҡ„жҜ•дёҡз”ҹдәәж•°пјҢжҜ”еҰӮпјҢе·Ҙ科зұ»еҢ…жӢ¬дәҶеҢ–еӯҰе·ҘзЁӢгҖҒжңәжў°е·ҘзЁӢгҖҒеңҹжңЁе·ҘзЁӢзӯүдё“дёҡпјӣиҮӘ然科еӯҰзұ»еҢ…жӢ¬дәҶзү©зҗҶеӯҰгҖҒеҢ–еӯҰгҖҒең°иҙЁеӯҰзӯүдё“дёҡпјӣзӨҫдјҡеӯҰеҢ…жӢ¬дәәзұ»еӯҰгҖҒз»ҸжөҺеӯҰгҖҒж”ҝеәңеӯҰзӯүдё“дёҡ

зӮ№еҮ»дё“дёҡжқҝеқ—пјҢиҝҳеҸҜд»ҘжҹҘзңӢиҜҘдё“дёҡжҜ•дёҡеӯҰз”ҹдәәе‘ҳжһ„жҲҗпјҢдәҶи§ЈиҜҘдё“дёҡдёӯз•ҷеӯҰз”ҹгҖҒдәҡиЈ”зӯүдёҚеҗҢеӯҰз”ҹжҜ•дёҡжғ…еҶө

 

 

еҲҶжһҗ2023е№ҙеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеҗ„дё“дёҡжҜ•дёҡз”ҹж•°жҚ®

еңЁ2023е№ҙеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„жҜ•дёҡз”ҹж•°жҚ®дёӯпјҢзЎ•еЈ«еӯҰдҪҚзҡ„жҜ•дёҡз”ҹдәәж•°жҳҫи‘—й«ҳдәҺе…¶д»–еӯҰдҪҚзұ»еһӢпјҢе°Өе…¶жҳҜеңЁе•Ҷдёҡз»ҹи®Ўе’ҢйҮ‘иһҚж•°еӯҰдё“дёҡпјҢеҲҶеҲ«жңү369е’Ң346еҗҚзЎ•еЈ«жҜ•дёҡз”ҹгҖӮиҝҷеҸҚжҳ еҮәиҝҷдёӨдёӘйўҶеҹҹеҜ№й«ҳеұӮж¬Ўдё“дёҡдәәжүҚзҡ„йңҖжұӮйқһеёёж—әзӣӣпјҢе°Өе…¶жҳҜеңЁеҪ“еүҚж•°жҚ®й©ұеҠЁе’ҢйҮ‘иһҚ科жҠҖеҝ«йҖҹеҸ‘еұ•зҡ„иғҢжҷҜдёӢпјҢ研究з”ҹж•ҷиӮІзҡ„йҮҚиҰҒжҖ§ж„ҲеҸ‘еҮёжҳҫгҖӮ

жӯӨеӨ–пјҢжі•еӯҰдё“дёҡзҡ„еҚҡеЈ«з”ҹжҜ•дёҡдәәж•°иҫҫеҲ°230дәәпјҢе…¶дёӯ19еҗҚдёәеӣҪйҷ…з•ҷеӯҰз”ҹгҖӮжі•еӯҰдҪңдёәдј з»ҹејәйЎ№дё“дёҡпјҢд»Қ然еҗёеј•дәҶеӨ§жү№еёҢжңӣеңЁжі•еҫӢйўҶеҹҹж·ұйҖ зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹпјҢжҳҫзӨәеҮәжі•еҫӢиҒҢдёҡеёӮеңәеҜ№й«ҳзҙ иҙЁдәәжүҚзҡ„жҢҒз»ӯйңҖжұӮгҖӮеҗҢж—¶пјҢеҢ»еӯҰйўҶеҹҹд№ҹдёҚд№Ҹдә®зӮ№пјҢжңү110еҗҚеҚҡеЈ«жҜ•дёҡз”ҹпјҢе…¶дёӯ4еҗҚдёәеӣҪйҷ…з•ҷеӯҰз”ҹпјҢиЎЁжҳҺиҜҘйўҶеҹҹеңЁеӣҪйҷ…еӯҰз”ҹдёӯеҗҢж ·е…·жңүеҗёеј•еҠӣгҖӮ

еҖјеҫ—жіЁж„Ҹзҡ„жҳҜпјҢи®ёеӨҡдё“дёҡеңЁжң¬з§‘е’ҢеүҜеӯҰеЈ«еӯҰдҪҚеұӮйқўзҡ„жҜ•дёҡз”ҹдәәж•°еқҮдёәйӣ¶пјҢеҸҜиғҪеҸҚжҳ еҮәиҝҷдәӣйўҶеҹҹзҡ„иҜҫзЁӢи®ҫзҪ®дё»иҰҒйӣҶдёӯеңЁз ”究з”ҹж•ҷиӮІпјҢжҲ–иҖ…жҳҜиҝҷдәӣдё“дёҡзҡ„еёӮеңәйңҖжұӮиҫғдҪҺгҖӮеӣ жӯӨпјҢжңӘжқҘеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеңЁиҜҫзЁӢејҖеҸ‘е’ҢжӢӣз”ҹзӯ–з•ҘдёҠеҸҜиғҪйңҖиҰҒе…іжіЁеҰӮдҪ•е№іиЎЎдёҚеҗҢеӯҰдҪҚеұӮж¬Ўзҡ„ж•ҷиӮІпјҢд»Ҙж»Ўи¶іеӨҡж ·еҢ–зҡ„еёӮеңәйңҖжұӮгҖӮ

жҖ»дҪ“жқҘзңӢпјҢеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„жҜ•дёҡз”ҹж•°жҚ®еұ•зҺ°дәҶеҪ“еүҚж•ҷиӮІеёӮеңәзҡ„и¶ӢеҠҝпјҢ研究з”ҹж•ҷиӮІзҡ„жҷ®еҸҠеҢ–дёҺдё“дёҡеҢ–е°Ҷ继з»ӯжҺЁеҠЁеӯҰз”ҹиҒҢдёҡеҸ‘еұ•зҡ„иүҜжҖ§еҫӘзҺҜгҖӮ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеңЁиҝҮеҺ»еҚҒдҪҷе№ҙзҡ„жҺ’еҗҚе’ҢеҪ•еҸ–ж•°жҚ®жҸӯзӨәдәҶдёҖдәӣжңүи¶Јзҡ„и¶ӢеҠҝгҖӮйҰ–е…ҲпјҢиҜҘж Ўд»Һ2009е№ҙзҡ„第12дҪҚйҖҗжӯҘдёӢйҷҚеҲ°2023е№ҙзҡ„第15дҪҚпјҢе°Ҫз®Ўе…¶жҺ’еҗҚеңЁжіўеҠЁпјҢдҪҶж•ҙдҪ“дёҠдҝқжҢҒеңЁеүҚ20еҗҚд»ҘеҶ…гҖӮиҝҷжҳҫзӨәдәҶеӯҰж ЎеңЁж•ҷиӮІиҙЁйҮҸе’ҢеЈ°иӘүдёҠзҡ„зЁіе®ҡжҖ§пјҢдҪҶд№ҹеҸҚжҳ дәҶзҫҺеӣҪй«ҳж Ўз«һдәүзҡ„жҝҖзғҲгҖӮ еҪ•еҸ–зҺҮж–№йқўпјҢз”·жҖ§е’ҢеҘіжҖ§зҡ„еҪ•еҸ–зҺҮеқҮжңүжҳҫи‘—еҸҳеҢ–гҖӮз”·жҖ§еҪ•еҸ–зҺҮд»Һ2009е№ҙзҡ„24.25%дёӢйҷҚеҲ°2023е№ҙзҡ„12.17%пјҢиҖҢеҘіжҖ§еҪ•еҸ–зҺҮд»Һ19.53%дёӢйҷҚеҲ°2023е№ҙзҡ„11.41%гҖӮиҝҷдёҖи¶ӢеҠҝиЎЁжҳҺпјҢеӯҰж Ўзҡ„еҪ•еҸ–еҸҳеҫ—и¶ҠжқҘи¶ҠдёҘж јпјҢз«һдәүд№ҹж„ҲеҠ жҝҖзғҲгҖӮ е…ҘеӯҰдәәж•°еңЁиҝҮеҺ»еҮ е№ҙдёӯд№ҹжңүжүҖжіўеҠЁпјҢдҪҶеӨ§дҪ“дёҠдҝқжҢҒеңЁ1400иҮі1800еҗҚд№Ӣй—ҙгҖӮ2013е№ҙе’Ң2014е№ҙе…ҘеӯҰдәәж•°з•Ҙй«ҳпјҢеҲҶеҲ«иҫҫеҲ°дәҶ1640е’Ң1610дәәпјҢиҖҢ2022е№ҙе…ҘеӯҰдәәж•°иҫҫеҲ°1980дәәпјҢеҲӣдёӢдәҶж–°й«ҳгҖӮиҝҷеҸҜиғҪиЎЁжҳҺеӯҰж ЎеңЁиҝҷеҮ е№ҙдёӯжү©еӨ§дәҶжӢӣз”ҹ规模гҖӮ жӢ’з»қдәәж•°жҳҫи‘—еўһеҠ пјҢд»Һ2009е№ҙзҡ„17230дәәеўһеҠ еҲ°2023е№ҙзҡ„29261дәәгҖӮиҝҷиЎЁжҳҺз”іиҜ·иҜҘж Ўзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹж•°йҮҸеӨ§е№…дёҠеҚҮпјҢеҸҚжҳ дәҶеӯҰж Ўзҡ„еҗёеј•еҠӣе’ҢеЈ°иӘүзЁіжӯҘжҸҗеҚҮгҖӮеҖјеҫ—жіЁж„Ҹзҡ„жҳҜпјҢеҪ•еҸ–дҪҶ延иҝҹе…ҘеӯҰзҡ„дәәж•°еңЁ2011е№ҙиҫҫеҲ°й«ҳеі°пјҢдёә3651дәәпјҢдҪҶеңЁ2023е№ҙдёӢйҷҚеҲ°1951дәәгҖӮиҝҷеҸҜиғҪдёҺиҝ‘е№ҙжқҘе…Ёзҗғз–«жғ…е’Ңз»ҸжөҺдёҚзЎ®е®ҡжҖ§жңүе…ігҖӮ жҖ»дҪ“жқҘзңӢпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеңЁжҺ’еҗҚгҖҒеҪ•еҸ–зҺҮе’Ңе…ҘеӯҰдәәж•°ж–№йқўзҡ„еҸҳеҢ–еҸҚжҳ дәҶе…¶еңЁж•ҷиӮІйўҶеҹҹзҡ„жҢҒз»ӯеҗёеј•еҠӣе’Ңз«һдәүеҠӣгҖӮеҗҢж—¶пјҢиҝҷдәӣж•°жҚ®д№ҹдёәжңӘжқҘзҡ„з”іиҜ·иҖ…жҸҗдҫӣдәҶйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„еҸӮиҖғдҝЎжҒҜпјҢиЎЁжҳҺз”іиҜ·иҜҘж Ўзҡ„йҡҫеәҰйҖҗе№ҙеўһеҠ гҖӮ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеҪ•еҸ–ж•°жҚ®з®ҖиҜ„

д»Һ2007е№ҙеҲ°2023е№ҙзҡ„еҪ•еҸ–ж•°жҚ®жқҘзңӢпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„еҪ•еҸ–ж ҮеҮҶеңЁйҖҗе№ҙжҸҗй«ҳпјҢе°Өе…¶жҳҜеңЁж ҮеҮҶеҢ–иҖғиҜ•жҲҗз»©ж–№йқўгҖӮ2007е№ҙпјҢеҪ•еҸ–зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹдёӯSATйҳ…иҜ»йғЁеҲҶзҡ„25%жҲҗз»©дёә670еҲҶпјҢиҖҢеҲ°дәҶ2023е№ҙпјҢиҝҷдёҖж•°еӯ—жҸҗй«ҳеҲ°дәҶ730еҲҶгҖӮзұ»дјјең°пјҢSATж•°еӯҰйғЁеҲҶзҡ„75%жҲҗз»©д№ҹд»Һ2007е№ҙзҡ„750еҲҶжҸҗй«ҳеҲ°2023е№ҙзҡ„770еҲҶгҖӮиҝҷиЎЁжҳҺеӯҰж ЎеңЁжӢӣз”ҹиҝҮзЁӢдёӯи¶ҠжқҘи¶ҠжіЁйҮҚеӯҰз”ҹзҡ„еӯҰжңҜиғҪеҠӣпјҢе°Өе…¶жҳҜеңЁж ҮеҮҶеҢ–иҖғиҜ•зҡ„иЎЁзҺ°дёҠгҖӮ

ACTжҲҗз»©ж–№йқўпјҢеҪ•еҸ–еӯҰз”ҹзҡ„з»јеҗҲжҲҗз»©е’ҢеҚ•з§‘жҲҗз»©д№ҹе‘ҲзҺ°еҮәзұ»дјјзҡ„дёҠеҚҮи¶ӢеҠҝгҖӮдҫӢеҰӮпјҢ2007е№ҙACTз»јеҗҲжҲҗз»©25%зҡ„еҲҶж•°дёә30еҲҶпјҢиҖҢ2023е№ҙиҝҷдёҖеҲҶж•°жҸҗй«ҳеҲ°33еҲҶгҖӮACTиӢұиҜӯе’Ңж•°еӯҰйғЁеҲҶзҡ„жҲҗз»©д№ҹжңүжҳҫи‘—жҸҗеҚҮпјҢиҝҷеҸҚжҳ еҮәеӯҰж ЎеҜ№е…Ёйқўе’Ңдјҳз§Җзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹжӣҙдёәйқ’зқҗгҖӮ

жӯӨеӨ–пјҢеҖјеҫ—жіЁж„Ҹзҡ„жҳҜпјҢжҸҗдәӨSATжҲҗз»©зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹжҜ”дҫӢеңЁйҖҗе№ҙдёӢйҷҚгҖӮ2007е№ҙпјҢ85%зҡ„еҪ•еҸ–еӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдәӨдәҶSATжҲҗз»©пјҢиҖҢеҲ°2023е№ҙпјҢиҝҷдёҖжҜ”дҫӢдёӢйҷҚеҲ°27%гҖӮиҝҷеҸҜиғҪдёҺиҝ‘е№ҙжқҘи¶ҠжқҘи¶ҠеӨҡзҡ„еӨ§еӯҰйҮҮеҸ–“Test-Optional”ж”ҝзӯ–жңүе…іпјҢеҚіе…Ғи®ёеӯҰз”ҹеңЁз”іиҜ·ж—¶дёҚжҸҗдәӨж ҮеҮҶеҢ–иҖғиҜ•жҲҗз»©гҖӮиҝҷдёҖи¶ӢеҠҝеңЁ2020е№ҙж–°еҶ з–«жғ…жңҹй—ҙе°ӨдёәжҳҺжҳҫпјҢеӣ дёәи®ёеӨҡиҖғиҜ•дёӯеҝғе…ій—ӯжҲ–еҮҸе°‘дәҶиҖғиҜ•ж¬Ўж•°пјҢеҫҲеӨҡеӯҰз”ҹйҡҫд»ҘеҸӮеҠ иҖғиҜ•гҖӮ

з»јдёҠжүҖиҝ°пјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„еҪ•еҸ–ж ҮеҮҶеңЁдёҚж–ӯжҸҗй«ҳпјҢе°Өе…¶жҳҜеңЁж ҮеҮҶеҢ–иҖғиҜ•жҲҗз»©ж–№йқўгҖӮеҗҢж—¶пјҢжҸҗдәӨж ҮеҮҶеҢ–иҖғиҜ•жҲҗз»©зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹжҜ”дҫӢдёӢйҷҚпјҢеҸҚжҳ еҮәеӯҰж Ўе’ҢеӯҰз”ҹеҜ№“Test-Optional”ж”ҝзӯ–зҡ„жҺҘеҸ—еәҰеўһеҠ гҖӮиҝҷдәӣеҸҳеҢ–иғҢеҗҺпјҢж—ўжңүеӯҰж ЎеҜ№еӯҰжңҜиҰҒжұӮзҡ„жҸҗй«ҳпјҢд№ҹжңүеӨ–йғЁзҺҜеўғеҸҳеҢ–еҜ№еҪ•еҸ–ж”ҝзӯ–зҡ„еҪұе“ҚгҖӮ

2023е№ҙеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹз»„жҲҗж•°жҚ®жҳҫзӨәдәҶиҜҘж ЎеӨҡж ·еҢ–зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹзҫӨдҪ“гҖӮжң¬з§‘ж–°з”ҹжңү1813дәәпјҢе…¶дёӯз”·з”ҹеҚ 45.6%пјҢеҘіз”ҹеҚ 54.4%гҖӮжң¬з§‘иҖҒз”ҹжңү5794дәәпјҢз”·еҘіжҜ”дҫӢеҲҶеҲ«дёә46.5%е’Ң53.5%гҖӮжң¬з§‘иҪ¬еӯҰз”ҹдәәж•°зӣёеҜ№иҫғе°‘пјҢд»…жңү194дәәпјҢз”·з”ҹеҚ 46.4%пјҢеҘіз”ҹеҚ 53.6%гҖӮ研究з”ҹзҫӨдҪ“еҲҷжӣҙдёәеәһеӨ§пјҢе…ұжңү8880дәәпјҢз”·еҘіжҜ”дҫӢдёә48.2%е’Ң51.8%гҖӮжӯӨеӨ–пјҢиҝҳжңү331еҗҚжңӘеҲҶзұ»еӯҰз”ҹпјҢз”·еҘіжҜ”дҫӢдёә23.9%е’Ң76.1%гҖӮ

д»Һз»ҶеҲҶдәәз§ҚжқҘзңӢпјҢзҷҪдәәдҫқ然жҳҜдәәж•°жңҖеӨҡзҡ„зҫӨдҪ“гҖӮдҫӢеҰӮпјҢеңЁжң¬з§‘ж–°з”ҹдёӯзҷҪдәәеҚ 687дәәпјҢдәҡиЈ”гҖҒжӢүдёҒиЈ”гҖҒеӨӘе№іжҙӢеІӣеӣҪеҸҠе…¶д»–гҖҒйқһиЈ”е’Ңз•ҷеӯҰз”ҹеҲҶеҲ«еҚ жҚ®дәҶиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„жҜ”дҫӢгҖӮиҝҷз§ҚеӨҡж ·еҢ–зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹз»„жҲҗеҸҚжҳ дәҶеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеңЁжӢӣз”ҹж–№йқўзҡ„е№ҝжіӣеҢ…е®№жҖ§гҖӮ

еҖјеҫ—жіЁж„Ҹзҡ„жҳҜпјҢ研究з”ҹзҫӨдҪ“дёӯз”·еҘіжҜ”дҫӢиҫғдёәеқҮиЎЎпјҢдҪҶеңЁжңӘеҲҶзұ»еӯҰз”ҹдёӯпјҢеҘіз”ҹеҚ еҲ°дәҶ76.1%пјҢиҝңй«ҳдәҺз”·з”ҹзҡ„23.9%гҖӮиҝҷеҸҜиғҪдёҺжҹҗдәӣзү№е®ҡдё“дёҡжҲ–йЎ№зӣ®зҡ„жҖ§еҲ«еҒҸеҘҪжңүе…ігҖӮ

еңЁеҪ“еүҚе…ЁзҗғеҢ–е’ҢеӨҡж ·еҢ–иғҢжҷҜдёӢпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹз»„жҲҗжғ…еҶөжҳҫзӨәеҮәе…¶еңЁжҺЁеҠЁж•ҷиӮІе…¬е№іе’ҢеӨҡж ·жҖ§ж–№йқўзҡ„еҠӘеҠӣгҖӮйҡҸзқҖи¶ҠжқҘи¶ҠеӨҡзҡ„еӣҪйҷ…еӯҰз”ҹе’ҢдёҚеҗҢиғҢжҷҜзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹеҠ е…ҘиҜҘж ЎпјҢжңӘжқҘзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹзҫӨдҪ“е°ҶеҸҜиғҪжӣҙеҠ еӨҡе…ғеҢ–пјҢиҝҷеҜ№еҹ№е…»е…·жңүе…Ёзҗғи§ҶйҮҺе’Ңи·Ёж–ҮеҢ–зҗҶи§ЈиғҪеҠӣзҡ„дәәжүҚе…·жңүйҮҚиҰҒж„Ҹд№үгҖӮ

иҝҷд»Ҫ2023е№ҙеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеӯҰз”ҹе№ҙйҫ„з»„жҲҗзҡ„ж•°жҚ®еұ•зӨәдәҶиҜҘж ЎдёҚеҗҢе№ҙйҫ„ж®өеӯҰз”ҹзҡ„жҖ§еҲ«е’ҢеӯҰдҪҚеҲҶеёғжғ…еҶөгҖӮйҖҡиҝҮж•°жҚ®еҸҜд»ҘзңӢеҮәпјҢ18-24еІҒзҡ„жң¬з§‘з”ҹе’Ң研究з”ҹеҚ жҚ®дәҶеӯҰз”ҹзҫӨдҪ“зҡ„з»қеӨ§еӨҡж•°гҖӮ

18-19еІҒе№ҙйҫ„ж®өзҡ„жң¬з§‘з”ҹдәәж•°жңҖеӨҡпјҢе…¶дёӯз”·з”ҹжңү1412дәәпјҢеҘіз”ҹжңү1800дәәпјҢеҗҲи®Ў3212дәәгҖӮиҝҷз¬ҰеҗҲеӨ§еӨҡж•°жң¬з§‘з”ҹе…ҘеӯҰзҡ„е№ҙйҫ„иҢғеӣҙгҖӮ20-21еІҒе№ҙйҫ„ж®өзҙ§йҡҸе…¶еҗҺпјҢе…ұжңү3707дәәпјҢе…¶дёӯз”·з”ҹ1765дәәпјҢеҘіз”ҹ1942дәәгҖӮиҝҷдёӨдёӘе№ҙйҫ„ж®өзҡ„жң¬з§‘з”ҹдәәж•°д№Ӣе’ҢжҺҘиҝ‘е…Ёж Ўжң¬з§‘з”ҹжҖ»дәәж•°зҡ„йЎ¶еі°пјҢиЎЁжҳҺеӨ§еӨҡж•°жң¬з§‘з”ҹеңЁиҝҷдёӘе№ҙйҫ„иҢғеӣҙеҶ…е®ҢжҲҗеӯҰдёҡгҖӮ

еңЁз ”究з”ҹзҫӨдҪ“дёӯпјҢ22-29еІҒжҳҜдё»иҰҒе№ҙйҫ„ж®өпјҢе°Өе…¶жҳҜ22-24еІҒе№ҙйҫ„ж®өпјҢжңү4301дәәпјҢе…¶дёӯз”·з”ҹ2179дәәпјҢеҘіз”ҹ2433дәәгҖӮ25-29еІҒе№ҙйҫ„ж®өеҲҷжңү3097дәәпјҢе…¶дёӯз”·з”ҹ1519дәәпјҢеҘіз”ҹ1578дәәгҖӮиҝҷдәӣж•°жҚ®иЎЁжҳҺеӨ§еӨҡ数研究з”ҹеңЁиҫғе№ҙиҪ»зҡ„е№ҙйҫ„ж®өж”»иҜ»зЎ•еЈ«жҲ–еҚҡеЈ«еӯҰдҪҚгҖӮ

30еІҒд»ҘдёҠзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹдәәж•°жҳҫи‘—еҮҸе°‘пјҢ30-34еІҒе№ҙйҫ„ж®өжңү1104дәәпјҢ35-39еІҒе№ҙйҫ„ж®өжңү478дәәпјҢ40-49еІҒе№ҙйҫ„ж®өжңү523дәәпјҢ50еІҒеҸҠд»ҘдёҠзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹеҲҷйқһеёёе°‘гҖӮиҝҷдәӣж•°жҚ®еҸҚжҳ дәҶиҫғе°‘зҡ„жҲҗе№ҙеӯҰз”ҹйҖүжӢ©еңЁ30еІҒд№ӢеҗҺ继з»ӯж·ұйҖ гҖӮ

жҖ»дҪ“иҖҢиЁҖпјҢеҘіжҖ§еӯҰз”ҹеңЁеӨҡдёӘе№ҙйҫ„ж®өйғҪеӨҡдәҺз”·жҖ§еӯҰз”ҹпјҢе°Өе…¶жҳҜеңЁз ”究з”ҹйҳ¶ж®өгҖӮ18-19еІҒе’Ң22-24еІҒиҝҷдёӨдёӘе№ҙйҫ„ж®өзҡ„еҘіз”ҹдәәж•°жҳҫи‘—й«ҳдәҺз”·з”ҹпјҢиҝҷеҸҜиғҪдёҺзҺ°д»ЈзӨҫдјҡдёӯеҘіжҖ§жӣҙеӨҡең°иҝҪжұӮй«ҳзӯүж•ҷиӮІжңүе…ігҖӮ

иҝҷд»Ҫж•°жҚ®дёҚд»…еұ•зӨәдәҶеӯҰж Ўзҡ„е№ҙйҫ„е’ҢжҖ§еҲ«еҲҶеёғпјҢд№ҹеҸҚжҳ дәҶзӨҫдјҡеҜ№й«ҳзӯүж•ҷиӮІзҡ„йңҖжұӮе’ҢдёҚеҗҢзҫӨдҪ“зҡ„ж•ҷиӮІйҖүжӢ©и¶ӢеҠҝгҖӮ

иҝ‘е№ҙжқҘпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„еӣҪйҷ…з•ҷеӯҰз”ҹж•°йҮҸе‘ҲзҺ°еҮәжҳҫи‘—зҡ„еўһй•ҝи¶ӢеҠҝпјҢе°Өе…¶жҳҜеңЁз ”究з”ҹзҫӨдҪ“дёӯгҖӮ2004е№ҙпјҢжң¬з§‘е’Ң研究з”ҹзҡ„еӣҪйҷ…з•ҷеӯҰз”ҹеҲҶеҲ«еҚ еӯҰз”ҹжҖ»ж•°зҡ„4.16%е’Ң22.40%гҖӮ然иҖҢпјҢеҲ°2023е№ҙпјҢиҝҷдёҖжҜ”дҫӢе·ІеҲҶеҲ«еўһеҠ иҮі7.86%е’Ң45.38%гҖӮжң¬з§‘з”ҹдёӯзҡ„еӣҪйҷ…з•ҷеӯҰз”ҹжҜ”дҫӢеңЁиҝҮеҺ»20е№ҙеҶ…жңүдёҖе®ҡжіўеҠЁпјҢдҪҶжҖ»дҪ“и¶ӢеҠҝжҳҜйҖҗжёҗдёҠеҚҮпјҢе°Өе…¶жҳҜеңЁ2010е№ҙиҮі2016е№ҙй—ҙпјҢд»Һ5.90%дёҠеҚҮеҲ°8.29%пјҢд№ӢеҗҺиҷҪ然з•ҘжңүжіўеҠЁпјҢдҪҶд»ҚдҝқжҢҒеңЁиҫғй«ҳж°ҙе№ігҖӮ

研究з”ҹзҫӨдҪ“зҡ„еҸҳеҢ–жӣҙдёәжҳҫи‘—гҖӮ2004е№ҙ研究з”ҹдёӯеӣҪйҷ…з•ҷеӯҰз”ҹзҡ„жҜ”дҫӢдёә22.40%пјҢиҖҢеҲ°2023е№ҙпјҢиҝҷдёҖжҜ”дҫӢеҮ д№Һзҝ»еҖҚпјҢиҫҫеҲ°45.38%гҖӮзү№еҲ«жҳҜеңЁ2016е№ҙиҮі2020е№ҙй—ҙпјҢ研究з”ҹеӣҪйҷ…з•ҷеӯҰз”ҹжҜ”дҫӢд»Һ30.28%иҝ…йҖҹдёҠеҚҮеҲ°38.13%пјҢжҳҫзӨәеҮәејәеҠІзҡ„еўһй•ҝеҠҝеӨҙгҖӮеҖјеҫ—жіЁж„Ҹзҡ„жҳҜпјҢ2021е№ҙз”ұдәҺе…Ёзҗғз–«жғ…зҡ„еҪұе“ҚпјҢ研究з”ҹеӣҪйҷ…з•ҷеӯҰз”ҹжҜ”дҫӢжңүжүҖдёӢйҷҚпјҢдҪҶеҫҲеҝ«еңЁ2022е№ҙе’Ң2023е№ҙжҒўеӨҚ并继з»ӯеўһй•ҝгҖӮ

иҝҷдёҖи¶ӢеҠҝеҸҚжҳ дәҶеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеңЁе…ЁзҗғеҢ–иғҢжҷҜдёӢеҜ№еӣҪйҷ…еӯҰз”ҹзҡ„еҗёеј•еҠӣдёҚж–ӯеўһејәгҖӮеӯҰж ЎеҸҜиғҪйҖҡиҝҮжҸҗеҚҮе…ЁзҗғзҹҘеҗҚеәҰгҖҒеўһеҠ еҘ–еӯҰйҮ‘е’ҢеҠ©еӯҰйҮ‘гҖҒдјҳеҢ–з•ҷеӯҰз”ҹж”ҜжҢҒжңҚеҠЎзӯүж–№ејҸпјҢеҗёеј•дәҶи¶ҠжқҘи¶ҠеӨҡзҡ„еӣҪйҷ…еӯҰз”ҹгҖӮжӯӨеӨ–пјҢеӣҪйҷ…еӯҰз”ҹжҜ”дҫӢзҡ„еўһеҠ д№ҹдёәж ЎеӣӯеёҰжқҘдәҶжӣҙеӨҡзҡ„ж–ҮеҢ–еӨҡж ·жҖ§пјҢжңүеҠ©дәҺжҸҗеҚҮеӯҰз”ҹзҡ„е…Ёзҗғи§ҶйҮҺе’ҢеӣҪйҷ…з«һдәүеҠӣгҖӮ

жҖ»зҡ„жқҘиҜҙпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеңЁиҝҮеҺ»20е№ҙеҶ…жҲҗеҠҹеҗёеј•дәҶеӨ§йҮҸеӣҪйҷ…еӯҰз”ҹпјҢзү№еҲ«жҳҜеңЁз ”究з”ҹйҳ¶ж®өпјҢиҝҷдёҖеҸҳеҢ–дёҚд»…жҸҗй«ҳдәҶеӯҰж Ўзҡ„еӣҪйҷ…еҢ–ж°ҙе№іпјҢд№ҹдёәеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶжӣҙеҠ еӨҡе…ғеҢ–зҡ„еӯҰд№ зҺҜеўғгҖӮ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҹҘеҗҚж ЎеҸӢ

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ж’‘жқҶи·і·гҖҠжҲ‘жҳҜй—ҙи°ҚгҖӢ·иүҫзҫҺеҘ–

 

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дё№·иҘҝи’ҷж–Ҝ
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жҒҗжҖ–е°ҸиҜҙ·еҘҮе№»е°ҸиҜҙ·йӣЁжһңеҘ–

 

дәӨйҖҡ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжүҖеңЁзҡ„еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеёӮзҡ„е…¬е…ұдәӨйҖҡиҝҳз®—дёҚй”ҷпјҢеҚідҪҝжІЎиҪҰд№ҹдёҚз”ЁжӢ…еҝғпјҢе…¬е…ұдәӨйҖҡи®ҫж–ҪеҫҲе…ЁйқўгҖӮ

ең°й“Ғ

еӯҰз”ҹеҸӘиҰҒе…Қиҙ№жіЁеҶҢRide MetroпјҢе°ұиғҪжӢҝеҲ°ең°й“Ғзҡ„йҖҡиЎҢеҚЎU-PassпјҢ еҸҜд»ҘиҪ»жқҫең°еңЁDanforthпјҢNorthпјҢWestе’ҢMedicalдёҚеҗҢзҡ„ж ЎеҢәз©ҝжўӯгҖӮеңЁең°й“Ғз«ҷе°ұжңүиҪ»иҪЁMetrolinkеҸҜд»ҘеҲ°еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–Ҝзҡ„е…¶д»–ең°еҢәпјҢиҪ»иҪЁжңүдёҖдәӣең°ж®өеңЁең°йқўиЎҢ驶пјҢдёҖдәӣеңЁең°дёӢпјҢзҘЁд»·дёҖиҲ¬жҳҜ2зҫҺе…ғпјҢе…·дҪ“зҡ„ж—ҘзЁӢиЎЁеҸҜд»ҘеңЁе®ҳзҪ‘дёҠжҹҘиҜўзҡ„еҲ°гҖӮ

зҸӯиҪҰ

ж ЎеҶ…иҝҳжңүеӨҡжқЎи·Ҝзәҝзҡ„зҸӯиҪҰпјҢ еӯҰз”ҹпјҢж•ҷиҒҢе‘ҳе·Ҙе’Ңи®ҝе®ўеҸҜд»Ҙе…Қиҙ№д№ҳеқҗпјҢзҸӯиҪҰеҢ…жӢ¬дәҶдё»ж ЎеҢәзҺҜзәҝгҖҒиҘҝж ЎеҢәи·ҜзәҝгҖҒеҚ—ж ЎеҢәи·ҜзәҝзӯүгҖӮ

з§ҹиҪҰ

еҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹе’Ңе‘ҳе·ҘйҖҡиҝҮеҗҲдҪңзҡ„з§ҹиҪҰе…¬еҸёеҸҜд»Ҙдә«еҸ—зү№еҲ«зҡ„жҜҸж—Ҙз§ҹйҮ‘жҠҳжүЈгҖӮ

иҮӘиЎҢиҪҰ

еӯҰж Ўйј“еҠұеӨ§е®¶з»ҝиүІеҮәиЎҢпјҢжғіиҰҒй”»зӮјиә«дҪ“еҗҢж—¶е…Қиҙ№дҫҝжҚ·зҡ„еҒңиҪҰпјҢйҖүжӢ©иҮӘиЎҢиҪҰе°ұеҜ№дәҶпјҒ

з§Ғ家иҪҰ

еҫҲеӨҡеӯҰз”ҹдјҡиҮӘе·ұејҖиҪҰдёҠеӯҰпјҢйңҖиҰҒиҙӯд№°еӯҰж Ўзҡ„еҒңиҪҰи®ёеҸҜиҜҒгҖӮдёәдәҶжҲҗжң¬пјҢд№ҹеҸҜд»ҘйҖҡиҝҮWashUridesзҪ‘з«ҷжӢјиҪҰгҖӮеӯҰж Ўе’ҢиҝҷдёӘзҪ‘з«ҷеҗҲдҪңпјҢжҸҗдҫӣдәҶе…Қиҙ№зҡ„дёҖз«ҷејҸиө„жәҗпјҢеҸҜеё®еҠ©еӯҰз”ҹжҺўзҙўе…¶д»–дәӨйҖҡж–№ејҸпјҢжүҫеҲ°е…¶д»–еҜ№жҗӯиҪҰе’ҢйӘ‘иҮӘиЎҢиҪҰж„ҹе…ҙи¶Јзҡ„дәәгҖӮеҰӮжһңжңүиғҪеҠӣпјҢз•ҷеӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»Ҙд№°иҫҶдәҢжүӢиҪҰпјҢд»ҺдёҠеӯҰеҲ°е‘Ёеӣҙе…¶д»–зҡ„ең°еҢәзҡ„еҮәиЎҢйғҪдјҡеҸҳеҫ—зү№еҲ«ж–№дҫҝгҖӮеҰӮжһңж–°з”ҹйңҖиҰҒжҺҘжңәпјҢеҸҜиҒ”зі»еӯҰз”ҹдјҡжҲҗе‘ҳе®үжҺ’ж—¶й—ҙгҖӮ

еңЁеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰе‘Ёиҫ№жңүи®ёеӨҡи‘—еҗҚзҡ„й«ҳзӯүйҷўж ЎгҖӮд»ҘдёӢжҳҜдёҖдәӣйҮҚзӮ№еӯҰж Ўзҡ„з®ҖеҚ•д»Ӣз»Қпјҡ

дјҠеҲ©иҜәдјҠеӨ§еӯҰйҰҷж§ҹеҲҶж ЎпјҲUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaignпјү

жҺ’еҗҚпјҡ35

зұ»еһӢпјҡз»јеҗҲеӨ§еӯҰ

з®Җд»ӢпјҡдјҠеҲ©иҜәдјҠеӨ§еӯҰйҰҷж§ҹеҲҶж ЎжҳҜзҫҺеӣҪйЎ¶е°–зҡ„е…¬з«Ӣ研究еһӢеӨ§еӯҰд№ӢдёҖпјҢд»Ҙе…¶ејәеӨ§зҡ„е·ҘзЁӢеӯҰгҖҒи®Ўз®—жңә科еӯҰеҸҠе•ҶеӯҰйҷўиҖҢй—»еҗҚгҖӮ

жҷ®жёЎеӨ§еӯҰиҘҝжӢүжі•еҸ¶еҲҶж ЎпјҲPurdue University-Main Campusпјү

жҺ’еҗҚпјҡ43

зұ»еһӢпјҡз»јеҗҲеӨ§еӯҰ

з®Җд»Ӣпјҡжҷ®жёЎеӨ§еӯҰд»Ҙе…¶е·ҘзЁӢеӯҰгҖҒиҲӘз©әиҲӘеӨ©еӯҰе’ҢеҶңдёҡ科еӯҰдә«жңүзӣӣиӘүпјҢеҹ№е…»дәҶдј—еӨҡзҹҘеҗҚзҡ„е·ҘзЁӢеёҲе’Ң科еӯҰ家гҖӮ

еҚ°з¬¬е®үзәіеӨ§еӯҰдјҜжҳҺйЎҝеҲҶж ЎпјҲIndiana University-Bloomingtonпјү

жҺ’еҗҚпјҡ73

зұ»еһӢпјҡз»јеҗҲеӨ§еӯҰ

з®Җд»ӢпјҡеҚ°з¬¬е®үзәіеӨ§еӯҰдјҜжҳҺйЎҝеҲҶж ЎжҳҜдёҖжүҖз»јеҗҲжҖ§еӨ§еӯҰпјҢд»Ҙе…¶е•ҶеӯҰйҷўе’Ңйҹід№җеӯҰйҷўиҖҢй—»еҗҚпјҢд№ҹжӢҘжңүејәеӨ§зҡ„研究е’ҢеҲӣж–°иғҪеҠӣгҖӮ

зҲұиҚ·еҚҺеӨ§еӯҰпјҲUniversity of Iowaпјү

жҺ’еҗҚпјҡ93

зұ»еһӢпјҡз»јеҗҲеӨ§еӯҰ

з®Җд»ӢпјҡзҲұиҚ·еҚҺеӨ§еӯҰд»Ҙе…¶еҶҷдҪңйЎ№зӣ®гҖҒеҢ»еӯҰе’ҢеҒҘеә·з§‘еӯҰйЎ№зӣ®и‘—з§°пјҢжҸҗдҫӣдё°еҜҢзҡ„еӯҰжңҜиө„жәҗе’Ң研究жңәдјҡгҖӮ

еҜҶиӢҸйҮҢеӨ§еӯҰпјҲUniversity of Missouri-Columbiaпјү

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зұ»еһӢпјҡз»јеҗҲеӨ§еӯҰ

з®Җд»ӢпјҡеҜҶиӢҸйҮҢеӨ§еӯҰжҳҜеҜҶиӢҸйҮҢе·һжңҖеӨ§зҡ„е…¬з«ӢеӨ§еӯҰпјҢд»Ҙе…¶ж–°й—»еӯҰйҷўе’ҢеҶңдёҡгҖҒйЈҹе“ҒдёҺиҮӘ然иө„жәҗеӯҰйҷўиҖҢй—»еҗҚгҖӮ

еҜҶиӢҸйҮҢ科жҠҖеӨ§еӯҰпјҲMissouri University of Science and Technologyпјү

жҺ’еҗҚпјҡ185

зұ»еһӢпјҡз»јеҗҲеӨ§еӯҰ

з®Җд»ӢпјҡеҜҶиӢҸйҮҢ科жҠҖеӨ§еӯҰд»Ҙе…¶е·ҘзЁӢе’Ңеә”用科еӯҰйЎ№зӣ®иҖҢи‘—з§°пјҢдёәеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶдё°еҜҢзҡ„е®һи·өе’Ң研究жңәдјҡгҖӮ

иҝҷдәӣеӯҰж ЎйғҪеңЁеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„е‘Ёиҫ№пјҢжҸҗдҫӣдәҶеӨҡж ·еҢ–зҡ„еӯҰжңҜзҺҜеўғе’Ңдё°еҜҢзҡ„еӯҰд№ иө„жәҗгҖӮ

 

е®үе…Ё

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеңЁеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеёӮзҡ„еёӮеҢәпјҢзӣёеҜ№жқҘиҜҙжҷҡдёҠдёҚжҳҜзү№еҲ«е®үе…ЁгҖӮж ЎеӣӯйҮҢйқўиҝҳжҳҜжҢәе®үе…Ёзҡ„пјҢеҜ№дәҺжң¬з§‘з”ҹе’ҢдёҚжү“з®—д№°иҪҰзҡ„еҗҢеӯҰеҸҜд»ҘиҖғиҷ‘дҪҸеңЁж ЎеҶ…жҲ–иҖ…ж Ўеӣӯйҷ„иҝ‘гҖӮж ЎеҶ…з§ҹжҲҝеҸҜд»ҘеңЁзәҝз”іиҜ·пјҢеҰӮжһңдҪҸеңЁж ЎеӨ–зҡ„иҜқпјҢWest County е’Ң South County жҜ”иҫғе®үе…ЁдҪҶжҳҜзҰ»еӯҰж ЎжҜ”иҫғиҝңпјҢиҜҫдёҚеӨҡзҡ„研究з”ҹжҲ–иҖ…и®ҝй—®еӯҰиҖ…еҸҜд»ҘиҖғиҷ‘иҝҷдәӣеҢәпјҢиҝҷдёӨдёӘеҢәзҡ„з§ҹйҮ‘зӣёеҜ№жқҘиҜҙжҜ”иҫғиҙөгҖӮеңЁеӨңжҷҡе°ҪйҮҸйҒҝе…ҚеҚ•зӢ¬еҮәиЎҢпјҢеҰӮйңҖеҮәиЎҢйңҖиҰҒз»“дјҙжҲ–иҖ…иҮӘй©ҫиҪҰеҮәиЎҢгҖӮеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰйқһеёёйҮҚи§ҶеӯҰз”ҹзҡ„е®үе…Ёе·ҘдҪңпјҢж ЎеӣӯеҶ…жңүж ЎиӯҰ24е°Ҹж—¶е·ЎйҖ»пјҢйҒҮеҲ°зҙ§жҖҘжғ…еҶөеҸҜеҝ«йҖҹеҮәиӯҰпјҢеҸҠж—¶её®еҠ©еӯҰз”ҹи§ЈеҶій—®йўҳгҖӮ

иҝ‘е№ҙжқҘпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„ж Ўеӣӯи®°иҝҮдёҺзҠҜзҪӘж•°жҚ®е‘ҲзҺ°еҮәжҳҺжҳҫзҡ„жіўеҠЁи¶ӢеҠҝгҖӮд»Һ2013е№ҙиҮі2023е№ҙпјҢж Ўеӣӯи®°иҝҮдёҺзҠҜзҪӘзҺҮд»ҺжҜҸ1000еӯҰз”ҹ8.83иө·дёҠеҚҮеҲ°11.86иө·пјҢйҡҸеҗҺеңЁ2021е№ҙйҷҚиҮі6.28иө·пјҢ并еңЁ2023е№ҙиҝӣдёҖжӯҘдёӢйҷҚиҮі5.06иө·гҖӮиҝҷдёҖи¶ӢеҠҝиЎЁжҳҺпјҢе°Ҫз®ЎеңЁжҹҗдәӣе№ҙд»ҪзҠҜзҪӘзҺҮжңүжүҖдёҠеҚҮпјҢдҪҶжҖ»дҪ“дёҠеӯҰж Ўзҡ„е®үе…ЁзҠ¶еҶөеңЁйҖҗжӯҘж”№е–„гҖӮ

е…·дҪ“еҲҶжһҗиҝҷдәӣж•°жҚ®пјҢжҢҒжһӘйҖ®жҚ•гҖҒжҜ’е“ҒйҖ®жҚ•е’Ңй…—й…’йҖ®жҚ•зӯүдёҘйҮҚжЎҲ件еңЁеҗ„е№ҙд»Ҫзҡ„еҲҶеёғ并дёҚеқҮеҢҖгҖӮдҫӢеҰӮпјҢжҢҒжһӘйҖ®жҚ•еңЁ2014е№ҙе’Ң2016е№ҙеҮәзҺ°дәҶдёӘеҲ«дәӢ件пјҢиҖҢеңЁе…¶д»–е№ҙд»ҪеҲҷзӣёеҜ№иҫғе°‘гҖӮжҜ’е“Ғе’Ңй…—й…’й—®йўҳжӣҙдёәжҷ®йҒҚпјҢиҝҷеңЁеӨ§еӯҰж Ўеӣӯдёӯ并дёҚзҪ•и§ҒпјҢеҸҚжҳ дәҶе№ҙиҪ»дәәзҫӨдҪ“дёӯеёёи§Ғзҡ„иЎҢдёәй—®йўҳгҖӮ

д»Һж•°жҚ®жқҘзңӢпјҢзәҰдјҡзҠҜзҪӘгҖҒ家жҡҙе’ҢжҖ§жү°зӯүж¶үеҸҠдәәиә«е®үе…Ёзҡ„жЎҲ件д№ҹжҳҜйңҖиҰҒе…іжіЁзҡ„йҮҚиҰҒж–№йқўгҖӮзү№еҲ«жҳҜејәеҘёе’ҢжҖ§жү°жЎҲ件пјҢиҷҪ然еңЁж•°йҮҸдёҠдёҚеӨҡпјҢдҪҶеҜ№ж Ўеӣӯе®үе…Ёзҡ„еҪұе“ҚдёҚе®№еҝҪи§ҶгҖӮиҝ‘е№ҙжқҘе…ідәҺеӨ§еӯҰж ЎеӣӯжҖ§зҠҜзҪӘзҡ„ж–°й—»еұЎи§ҒдёҚйІңпјҢиҝҷдәӣдәӢ件дёҚд»…з»ҷеҸ—е®іиҖ…еёҰжқҘж·ұйҮҚзҡ„еҝғзҗҶеҲӣдјӨпјҢд№ҹеҸҚжҳ дәҶж Ўеӣӯе®үе…Ёз®ЎзҗҶзҡ„йҮҚиҰҒжҖ§гҖӮ

жҖ»дҪ“иҖҢиЁҖпјҢиҷҪ然еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„ж Ўеӣӯе®үе…Ёи®°еҪ•еңЁжҹҗдәӣе№ҙд»ҪиЎЁзҺ°еҮәдәҶдёҖе®ҡзҡ„жіўеҠЁпјҢдҪҶиҝ‘е№ҙжқҘзҡ„жҖ»дҪ“и¶ӢеҠҝжҳҜеҗ‘еҘҪзҡ„гҖӮиҝҷдёҖзҺ°иұЎеҸҜиғҪдёҺеӯҰж ЎеҠ ејәе®үе…ЁжҺӘж–Ҫе’ҢжҸҗй«ҳеӯҰз”ҹе®үе…Ёж„ҸиҜҶжңүе…ігҖӮж— и®әеҰӮдҪ•пјҢж Ўеӣӯе®үе…Ёдҫқ然жҳҜдёҖдёӘйңҖиҰҒжҢҒз»ӯе…іжіЁе’Ңж”№иҝӣзҡ„йўҶеҹҹгҖӮ

 

йҘ®йЈҹ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰйҷ„иҝ‘зҡ„зҫҺеӣҪзҡ„и¶…еёӮйқһеёёеӨҡпјҢйҷӨдәҶжҲ‘们зҶҹзҹҘзҡ„Walmartд№ӢеӨ–пјҢиҝҳжңүSchunucksгҖҒTargetгҖҒWalgreensгҖҒDiebergsгҖҒAldiгҖҒShop’nsaveгҖҒSave a lotзӯүзҫҺеӣҪи¶…еёӮгҖӮдёӯеӣҪи¶…еёӮдё»иҰҒеҲҶеёғеңЁOliveиЎ—йҒ“дёҠпјҢжңүзҷҫеҲ©пјҢдёӯеӨ®пјҢеҗүзҘҘзӯүгҖӮзҷҫеҲ©йҮҢйқўд№°зҡ„дёңиҘҝжҜ”иҫғе…ЁпјҢд»Һи°ғе‘іе“ҒеҲ°и”¬иҸңеҲ°жө·йІңеҹәжң¬дёҠйғҪеҸҜд»Ҙд№°еҲ°гҖӮйҷӨжӯӨд№ӢеӨ–пјҢйҷ„иҝ‘иҝҳжңүдёҖдәӣдәҡжҙІи¶…еёӮд»ҘеҸҠеҶңиҙёеёӮеңәзӯүзӯүгҖӮжӯӨеӨ–пјҢдёӯеӣҪйӨҗеҺ…д№ҹйқһеёёеӨҡпјҢдҫӢеҰӮEmperor PalaceгҖҒйҮ‘ж»ЎжҘјзӯүзӯүпјҢеҸҜд»Ҙж»Ўи¶ідёҚеҗҢдәәзҫӨзҡ„еҸЈе‘іпјҢйғЁеҲҶдёӯйӨҗеҺ…жҸҗдҫӣеӨ–йҖҒжңҚеҠЎпјҢжһҒеӨ§ең°ж–№дҫҝдәҶдёҚжғіеҮәй—Ёзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹгҖӮйҷӨдәҶдёӯйӨҗеҺ…д№ӢеӨ–пјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеёӮиҝҳжңүдёҚе°‘зҫҺйЈҹйӨҗеҺ…д»ҘеҸҠйҹ©ж—Ҙж–ҷзҗҶеҸҜдҫӣеӯҰз”ҹиҝӣиЎҢйҖүжӢ©гҖӮ

зү№з«ӢдёҚзӢ¬иЎҢ | 专注研究зҡ„еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰ

йҰ–е…ҲиҰҒзә жӯЈеҫҲеӨҡдәәе®№жҳ“зҠҜзҡ„е°Ҹй”ҷиҜҜпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰ并дёҚеңЁеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝпјҢеӯҰж Ўе‘ҪеҗҚдёәеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжҳҜдёәдәҶзәӘеҝөеӣҪзҲ¶еҚҺзӣӣйЎҝгҖӮеӯҰж Ўзҡ„ж ЎеҫҪи®ҫи®Ўд№ҹеҢ…еҗ«дәҶеҫҲеӨҡж•…дәӢгҖӮдёүйў—жҳҹжҳҹе’ҢдёӨйҒ“зәўиүІзҡ„жЁӘжқ жҳҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝ家ж—Ҹзҡ„зә№з« гҖӮзә№з« еә•йғЁжңүдёүж ӘйҮ‘зҷҫеҗҲпјҢйҮ‘зҷҫеҗҲжҳҜжі•еӣҪзҡ„еӣҪиҠұпјҢж ЎеҫҪдёӯжңүзҷҫеҗҲиҠұжҳҜдёәдәҶзәӘеҝөзҫҺеӣҪдёӯйғЁеңЁзәіе…ҘзҫҺеӣҪзүҲеӣҫд№ӢеүҚжӣҫз»ҸеұһдәҺжі•еӣҪгҖӮ

иҝҷйҮҢиҝҳжңүдёӘжңүи¶Јзҡ„ж•…дәӢпјҢдј иҜҙжі•еӣҪеӣҪзҺӢе…ӢзҪ—дҝҫд№Ңж–Ҝзҡ„зҺӢеҗҺжӣҫз»ҸжӮЈдёҠжҒ¶з–ҫпјҢж— жі•жІ»ж„ҲгҖӮеҪ“ж—¶жңүдёҖдҪҚзҘһз§ҳзҡ„йҡҗеЈ«еҗ‘еӣҪзҺӢе»әи®®пјҡй“ёйҖ дёҖеҸӘзӣҫзүҢпјҢ并еңЁзӣҫзүҢдёҠйӣ•еҲ»йҮ‘зҷҫеҗҲпјҢд»ҘиҫҫеҲ°й©ұиө°з—…йӯ”зҡ„зӣ®зҡ„гҖӮеӣҪзҺӢеҗ¬д»ҺдәҶйҡҗеЈ«зҡ„е»әи®®пјҢз»“жһңзҺӢеҗҺжһң然з—Ҡж„ҲгҖӮд№ӢеҗҺеӣҪзҺӢжӢҝзқҖиҝҷйқўзӣҫзүҢдёҠжҲҳеңәпјҢд№ҹжҳҜжҲҳж— дёҚиғңгҖӮж ЎеҫҪдёӯдёӨйҒ“жЁӘжқ зҡ„дёҠйқўжҳҜжң¬зҝ»ејҖзҡ„д№ҰпјҢдёӯй—ҙеҶҷзқҖж Ўи®ӯ“Per Veritatem Vis”пјҢж„ҸжҖқжҳҜ“еҠӣйҮҸжәҗдәҺзңҹзҗҶ”гҖӮ

жҷҜиүІдјҳзҫҺ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжҲҗз«ӢдәҺ1853е№ҙпјҢжҳҜ“ж–°еёёжҳҘи—Ө”еҗҚж Ўд№ӢдёҖпјҢеұһдәҺдё–з•ҢдёҖжөҒеӨ§еӯҰгҖӮеӯҰж ЎдҪҚдәҺеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеёӮиҘҝйғЁпјҢи·қзҰ»еёӮдёӯеҝғд»…дёғиӢұйҮҢгҖӮеӣ жӯӨпјҢжңүдҫҝеҲ©зҡ„дәӨйҖҡпјҢйҷ„иҝ‘жңүи®ёеӨҡи¶…еёӮе’ҢйӨҗйҰҶпјҢеӯҰз”ҹж—Ҙеёёиҙӯзү©гҖҒе°ұйӨҗзӯүйқһеёёдҫҝжҚ·гҖӮеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰиў«з§°дёәзҫҺеӣҪдёӯйғЁең°еҢәжңҖжјӮдә®зҡ„ж ЎеӣӯгҖӮиҜҘж Ўе…ұжӢҘжңүеӣӣдёӘж ЎеҢәпјҢдёҚеҗҢж ЎеҢәз”ұжҷҜиүІдјҳзҫҺзҡ„жЈ®жһ—е…¬еӣӯйҡ”ејҖгҖӮејҖйҳ”зҡ„ж ЎеӣӯдёӯпјҢ欧ејҸеҸӨе…ёе»әзӯ‘дёҺзҺ°д»Јж•ҷеӯҰжҘјзӣёдәӨй”ҷпјҢйҳіе…үйҖҸиҝҮжө“еҜҶзҡ„ж ‘жһ—иҚүжңЁеҪўжҲҗж–‘й©ізҡ„е…үеҪұпјҢдёәж•ҙдёӘж ЎеӣӯеўһеҠ дәҶиҲ’йҖӮж„ҹи§үгҖӮ

дё“дёҡеӨҡж ·пјҡеӯҰйңёд»¬зҡ„жңҖзҲұ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжҸҗдҫӣеҗ„з§ҚйўҶеҹҹзҡ„研究пјҡиүәжңҜдёҺе»әзӯ‘пјҢ科еӯҰпјҢе•ҶдёҡпјҢе·ҘзЁӢпјҢжі•еҫӢпјҢеҢ»еӯҰпјҢзӨҫдјҡе·ҘдҪңдёҺе…¬е…ұеҚ«з”ҹгҖӮиҜҘж Ўйҡ¶еұһдәҺеӨҡ家еҢ»йҷўпјҢе…¶дёӯеҢ…жӢ¬еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–Ҝе„ҝз«ҘеҢ»йҷўе’Ңе·ҙжҒ©ж–ҜзҠ№еӨӘеҢ»йҷўпјҢиҝҷдёӨ家еҢ»йҷўеқҮи·»иә«дәҺеӨҡйЎ№дё“дёҡжҺ’еҗҚеүҚеҲ—гҖӮиҜҘеӨ§еӯҰйҮҚзӮ№з ”究еҢ»еӯҰпјҢзҺҜеўғдёҺиғҪжәҗпјҢеҲӣж–°дёҺеҲӣдёҡд»ҘеҸҠжӨҚзү©з§‘еӯҰзӯүйўҶеҹҹпјҢ研究дәәе‘ҳжҜҸе№ҙиҝӣиЎҢ3000еӨҡдёӘйЎ№зӣ®гҖӮеӨ§еӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»ҘеҸӮдёҺйЎ№зӣ®з ”究пјҢ并еҸҜд»Ҙд»Һжң¬з§‘з”ҹ研究еҠһе…¬е®ӨиҺ·еҫ—жҢҮеҜје’ҢиҙўеҠЎж”ҜжҢҒгҖӮеӯҰж ЎжӢҘжңүеҢ…жӢ¬Weidenbaum з»ҸжөҺдёӯеҝғгҖҒж”ҝеәңе’Ңе…¬е…ұж”ҝзӯ–дёӯеҝғпјҢеҹәеӣ з»„研究жүҖе’ҢйәҰе…Ӣе”җзәіз©әй—ҙ科еӯҰдёӯеҝғзӯүеӨҡдёӘ研究дёӯеҝғгҖӮдё“дёҡеӨҡж ·жҖ§зҡ„еҗҢж—¶пјҢжңүе…Ёйқўзҡ„и®ҫеӨҮе’Ңиө„жәҗдёәеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗй«ҳдё“дёҡеәҰгҖӮеӯҰз”ҹеҜ№дәҺеӯҰж Ўзҡ„ж•ҷжҺҲе’Ң研究и®ҫеӨҮж»Ўж„ҸеәҰйқһеёёй«ҳгҖӮ

жҙ»еҠЁдё°еҜҢпјҡзӨҫдәӨиҖ…зҡ„е® е„ҝ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„ж Ўеӣӯз”ҹжҙ»йқһеёёдё°еҜҢпјҢеӯҰж Ўжңүиҝ‘400дёӘеӯҰз”ҹеӣўдҪ“пјҢ50еӨҡдёӘзӨҫдјҡжҙ»еҠЁдёӯеҝғгҖӮиҝҷдәӣеӯҰз”ҹеӣўдҪ“з§Қзұ»еӨҡж ·пјҢеҢ…жӢ¬дҪ“иӮІзұ»гҖҒиүәжңҜзұ»гҖҒеЁұд№җзұ»гҖҒеҝ—ж„ҝиҖ…зұ»гҖҒе®—ж•ҷжҖ§дёҺж”ҝжІ»жҖ§зҡ„гҖӮиҖҢдё”пјҢжқҘиҮӘдё–з•Ңеҗ„ең°зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹд№ҹдјҡжңүдёҚеҗҢзҡ„еӣўдҪ“пјҢз»„з»Үеұ•зҺ°дёҚеҗҢз§Қж—Ҹж–ҮеҢ–зҡ„жҙ»еҠЁгҖӮ

еҗ„з§ҚеӯҰз”ҹеӣўдҪ“еңЁдёҖе№ҙеӣӣеӯЈдёҚеҗҢзҡ„ж—¶й—ҙејҖеұ•еҪўејҸеӨҡж ·зҡ„жҙ»еҠЁпјҢеӯҰз”ҹ们еӣ дёәзӣёеҗҢзҡ„е…ҙи¶ЈзҲұеҘҪжҲ–иҖ…зӣёеҗҢзҡ„иғҢжҷҜиҒҡйӣҶеңЁдёҖиө·гҖӮдё°еҜҢзҡ„ж Ўеӣӯжҙ»еҠЁдёәеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶзӨҫдәӨзҡ„жңәдјҡпјҢи®©еӯҰз”ҹиғҪеңЁзҙ§еј зҡ„еӯҰд№ дёӯеҫ—еҲ°ж”ҫжқҫгҖӮиҜҘж Ўжңүйқһеёёе®ҢеӨҮзҡ„дҪ“иӮІи®ҫж–ҪпјҢеҢ…жӢ¬дҪ“иӮІеңәгҖҒзҺ°д»ЈдҪ“ж“ҚйҰҶгҖҒжёёжііжұ гҖҒеҒҘиә«дёӯеҝғгҖҒзҪ‘зҗғеңәе’ҢжӣІжЈҚзҗғеңәгҖӮдёәзғӯзҲұиҝҗеҠЁзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶеӨҡз§ҚйҖүжӢ©пјҢеӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»ҘйҡҸж—¶еҸӮдёҺиҮӘе·ұе–ңж¬ўзҡ„дҪ“иӮІжҙ»еҠЁгҖӮиҖҢдё”пјҢеӯҰж Ўзҡ„иҝҗеҠЁйҳҹз»ҸеёёдёҫиЎҢжҜ”иөӣпјҢд№ҹеңЁе…ЁзҫҺй«ҳж Ўзҡ„еҗ„йЎ№иөӣдәӢдёӯеҸ–еҫ—дәҶеӮІдәәзҡ„жҲҗз»©гҖӮ

жӯӨеӨ–пјҢеӯҰж Ўжңүдј з»ҹжҖ§зҡ„жҙ»еҠЁпјҢдҫӢеҰӮжҜҸе№ҙеӣӣжңҲд»Ҫдёәж…Ҳе–„жңәжһ„еӢҹйӣҶжҚҗж¬ҫгҖӮиҜҘеӢҹжҚҗжҙ»еҠЁжҳҜе…ЁзҫҺеҺҶеҸІжңҖжӮ д№…且规模жңҖеӨ§зҡ„еӢҹжҚҗжҙ»еҠЁгҖӮиҝҳжңүеҝ—ж„ҝиҖ…зӨҫеҢәе…¬зӣҠжҙ»еҠЁгҖӮиҝҷдәӣдј з»ҹжҖ§зҡ„жҙ»еҠЁе……еҲҶдҪ“зҺ°дәҶеӯҰж Ўзҡ„дј жүҝпјҢе»әз«ӢдәҶеӯҰз”ҹеҜ№еӯҰж Ўзҡ„еҪ’еұһж„ҹе’ҢиҮӘиұӘж„ҹгҖӮеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжҜ•дёҡзҺҮиҫҫ94%пјҢжҜ•дёҡз”ҹзҡ„е№ҙ收е…Ҙиҝңиҝңй«ҳдәҺе…ЁзҫҺжҜ•дёҡз”ҹе№іеқҮе№ҙ收е…Ҙж°ҙе№ігҖӮ

жҙ»еҠЁдё°еҜҢпјҡзӨҫдәӨиҖ…зҡ„е® е„ҝ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„ж Ўеӣӯз”ҹжҙ»йқһеёёдё°еҜҢпјҢеӯҰж Ўжңүиҝ‘400дёӘеӯҰз”ҹеӣўдҪ“пјҢ50еӨҡдёӘзӨҫдјҡжҙ»еҠЁдёӯеҝғгҖӮиҝҷдәӣеӯҰз”ҹеӣўдҪ“з§Қзұ»еӨҡж ·пјҢеҢ…жӢ¬дҪ“иӮІзұ»гҖҒиүәжңҜзұ»гҖҒеЁұд№җзұ»гҖҒеҝ—ж„ҝиҖ…зұ»гҖҒе®—ж•ҷжҖ§дёҺж”ҝжІ»жҖ§зҡ„гҖӮиҖҢдё”пјҢжқҘиҮӘдё–з•Ңеҗ„ең°зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹд№ҹдјҡжңүдёҚеҗҢзҡ„еӣўдҪ“пјҢз»„з»Үеұ•зҺ°дёҚеҗҢз§Қж—Ҹж–ҮеҢ–зҡ„жҙ»еҠЁгҖӮ

еҗ„з§ҚеӯҰз”ҹеӣўдҪ“еңЁдёҖе№ҙеӣӣеӯЈдёҚеҗҢзҡ„ж—¶й—ҙејҖеұ•еҪўејҸеӨҡж ·зҡ„жҙ»еҠЁпјҢеӯҰз”ҹ们еӣ дёәзӣёеҗҢзҡ„е…ҙи¶ЈзҲұеҘҪжҲ–иҖ…зӣёеҗҢзҡ„иғҢжҷҜиҒҡйӣҶеңЁдёҖиө·гҖӮдё°еҜҢзҡ„ж Ўеӣӯжҙ»еҠЁдёәеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶзӨҫдәӨзҡ„жңәдјҡпјҢи®©еӯҰз”ҹиғҪеңЁзҙ§еј зҡ„еӯҰд№ дёӯеҫ—еҲ°ж”ҫжқҫгҖӮиҜҘж Ўжңүйқһеёёе®ҢеӨҮзҡ„дҪ“иӮІи®ҫж–ҪпјҢеҢ…жӢ¬дҪ“иӮІеңәгҖҒзҺ°д»ЈдҪ“ж“ҚйҰҶгҖҒжёёжііжұ гҖҒеҒҘиә«дёӯеҝғгҖҒзҪ‘зҗғеңәе’ҢжӣІжЈҚзҗғеңәгҖӮдёәзғӯзҲұиҝҗеҠЁзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶеӨҡз§ҚйҖүжӢ©пјҢеӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»ҘйҡҸж—¶еҸӮдёҺиҮӘе·ұе–ңж¬ўзҡ„дҪ“иӮІжҙ»еҠЁгҖӮиҖҢдё”пјҢеӯҰж Ўзҡ„иҝҗеҠЁйҳҹз»ҸеёёдёҫиЎҢжҜ”иөӣпјҢд№ҹеңЁе…ЁзҫҺй«ҳж Ўзҡ„еҗ„йЎ№иөӣдәӢдёӯеҸ–еҫ—дәҶеӮІдәәзҡ„жҲҗз»©гҖӮ

жӯӨеӨ–пјҢеӯҰж Ўжңүдј з»ҹжҖ§зҡ„жҙ»еҠЁпјҢдҫӢеҰӮжҜҸе№ҙеӣӣжңҲд»Ҫдёәж…Ҳе–„жңәжһ„еӢҹйӣҶжҚҗж¬ҫгҖӮиҜҘеӢҹжҚҗжҙ»еҠЁжҳҜе…ЁзҫҺеҺҶеҸІжңҖжӮ д№…且规模жңҖеӨ§зҡ„еӢҹжҚҗжҙ»еҠЁгҖӮиҝҳжңүеҝ—ж„ҝиҖ…зӨҫеҢәе…¬зӣҠжҙ»еҠЁгҖӮиҝҷдәӣдј з»ҹжҖ§зҡ„жҙ»еҠЁе……еҲҶдҪ“зҺ°дәҶеӯҰж Ўзҡ„дј жүҝпјҢе»әз«ӢдәҶеӯҰз”ҹеҜ№еӯҰж Ўзҡ„еҪ’еұһж„ҹе’ҢиҮӘиұӘж„ҹгҖӮеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжҜ•дёҡзҺҮиҫҫ94%пјҢжҜ•дёҡз”ҹзҡ„е№ҙ收е…Ҙиҝңиҝңй«ҳдәҺе…ЁзҫҺжҜ•дёҡз”ҹе№іеқҮе№ҙ收е…Ҙж°ҙе№ігҖӮ

жҖ»дҪ“жқҘиҜҙпјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжҳҜдёҖжүҖдё“жіЁдәҺеӯҰжңҜдәҺ研究жҳҜеӨ§еӯҰгҖӮиҝҷжүҖеӯҰж ЎжӢҘжңүеҮ зҷҫе№ҙзҡ„еә•и•ҙж–ҮеҢ–е’Ңдј жүҝзІҫзҘһгҖӮеңЁз”ҹзү©еҢ»еӯҰж–№йқўзҡ„研究引йўҶдё–з•ҢеүҚжІҝпјҢжңүзӘҒеҮәзҡ„иҙЎзҢ®гҖӮдёҖжөҒзҡ„研究и®ҫеӨҮе’ҢеёҲиө„еҠӣйҮҸдёәеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдҫӣдәҶж— йҷҗзҡ„жңәдјҡгҖӮеҫҲеӨҡеӣҪйҷ…з”ҹжҳҜеңЁе…Ҙж Ўд№ӢеҗҺжүҚдәҶи§ЈеҲ°еӯҰж Ўжӣҫз»Ҹзҡ„еӮІдәәжҲҗз»©пјҢиҮӘиұӘж„ҹе’Ң敬дҪ©ж„ҹдёҚз”ұиҖҢз”ҹгҖӮжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„иҜҘж Ўзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹжңүиүҜеҘҪзҡ„研究е’Ңе®һи·өз»ҸйӘҢпјҢд»ҺиҖҢдҝқиҜҒдәҶй«ҳе°ұдёҡзҺҮгҖӮ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰз”іиҜ·жҢҮеҚ—

з”іиҜ·еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹйғҪеә”иҜҘиҮіе°‘жӢҘжңүй«ҳдёӯеӯҰеҺҶжҲ–иҖ…зЎ®и®ӨеҫҲеҝ«иғҪжӢҝеҲ°й«ҳдёӯеӯҰеҺҶгҖӮеңЁз”іиҜ·иҜҘеӯҰж ЎеүҚпјҢеӯҰз”ҹиҰҒжҸҗеүҚдәҶи§ЈзҫҺеӣҪжң¬з§‘з”іиҜ·жқҗж–ҷпјҢдҫӢеҰӮеӨ§еӨҡж•°еӯҰз”ҹзҡ„жҲҗз»©еҚ•дёҠйғҪеә”иҜҘеҢ…еҗ«д»ҘдёӢдҝЎжҒҜпјҡ4е№ҙзҡ„иӢұж–ҮжҲҗз»©гҖҒ4е№ҙзҡ„ж•°еӯҰжҲҗз»©пјҲе°Өе…¶жҳҜз”іиҜ·е»әзӯ‘гҖҒе•Ҷ科д»ҘеҸҠе·ҘзЁӢеӯҰйҷўзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹжңҖеҘҪйғҪжҸҗдәӨж•°еӯҰжҲҗз»©пјүгҖҒ3-4е№ҙзҡ„еҺҶеҸІжҲ–иҖ…зӨҫдјҡ科еӯҰжҲҗз»©гҖҒ3-4е№ҙзҡ„е®һйӘҢе®ӨжҲҗз»©гҖҒиҮіе°‘2е№ҙзҡ„еӨ–иҜӯжҲҗз»©гҖӮеҸҰеӨ–пјҢдәҶи§ЈзҫҺеӣҪжң¬з§‘з”іиҜ·жҲӘжӯўж—Ҙжңҹд№ҹеә”иҜҘжҳҜеңЁз”іиҜ·еҮҶеӨҮжңҖеҲқеә”иҜҘеҒҡеҘҪзҡ„еҮҶеӨҮгҖӮ

дёҖгҖҒеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰз”іиҜ·жқҗж–ҷ

1гҖҒеңЁCommon ApplicationжҲ–иҖ…Coalition ApplicationдёҠеЎ«еҶҷз”іиҜ·иЎЁ

2гҖҒ75зҫҺйҮ‘з”іиҜ·иҙ№пјҢжңүйңҖиҰҒзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»Ҙз”іиҜ·е…ҚйҷӨз”іиҜ·иҙ№

3гҖҒеӯҰж ЎжҠҘе‘Ҡ

4гҖҒе®ҳж–№жҲҗз»©еҚ•

5гҖҒSATиҖғиҜ•жҲ–иҖ…ACTиҖғиҜ•жҲҗз»©пјҢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰSATиҖғиҜ•д»Јз Ғ6929пјҢACTиҖғиҜ•д»Јз Ғдёә2386

6гҖҒеӣҪйҷ…еӯҰз”ҹйңҖиҰҒжҸҗдәӨиҜӯиЁҖиҖғиҜ•жҲҗз»©пјҢеҸҜд»ҘйҖүжӢ©жүҳзҰҸиҖғиҜ•жҲ–иҖ…йӣ…жҖқиҖғиҜ•гҖӮж»Ўи¶ід»ҘдёӢиҰҒжұӮзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»Ҙе…ҚйҷӨиҜӯиЁҖжҲҗз»©пјҡж–°SATиҖғиҜ•зҡ„ERWпјҲEvidence-Based Reading & WritingпјүйғЁеҲҶжҲҗз»©дёә650еҲҶеҸҠд»ҘдёҠжҲ–иҖ…иҖҒSATиҖғиҜ•йҳ…иҜ»йғЁеҲҶжҲҗз»©дёә600еҲҶеҸҠд»ҘдёҠпјӣACTиӢұиҜӯйғЁеҲҶжҲҗз»©иҮіе°‘дёә29еҲҶгҖӮеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжүҳзҰҸиҖғиҜ•д»Јз Ғ6929гҖӮ

7гҖҒжңҹдёӯжҠҘе‘Ҡ

8гҖҒз”іиҜ·ж–Үд№Ұ

9гҖҒиүәжңҜдё“дёҡеӯҰз”ҹиҰҒйўқеӨ–жҸҗдәӨдҪңе“ҒйӣҶ

 

дәҢгҖҒеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰз”іиҜ·еёёи§Ғй—®йўҳ

Q1пјҡз”іиҜ·дёҚеҗҢзҡ„еӯҰйҷўдјҡжңүдёҚеҗҢзҡ„еҪ•еҸ–ж ҮеҮҶеҗ—пјҹ

Aпјҡз”іиҜ·еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰж—¶дјҡжңүдёҖдёӘз»ҹдёҖзҡ„еҹәжң¬ж ҮеҮҶпјҢдҪҶжҜҸдёӘеӯҰйҷўзҡ„зЎ®дјҡжңүиҮӘе·ұдёҚеҗҢзҡ„иҰҒжұӮгҖӮдҫӢеҰӮз”іиҜ·е•ҶеӯҰйҷўзҡ„ж—¶еҖҷеӯҰз”ҹжңҖеҘҪжңүж•°еӯҰиғҢжҷҜпјҢеҸӮеҠ иҝҮзӣёеә”зҡ„ж•°еӯҰиҜҫзЁӢпјҢиҖҢжғіиҰҒз”іиҜ·е·ҘзЁӢеӯҰйҷўжҲ–иҖ…еҢ»еӯҰйҷўйў„科зҡ„еӯҰз”ҹеҲҷжңҖеҘҪе®ҢжҲҗдәҶзү©зҗҶгҖҒеҢ–еӯҰд»ҘеҸҠж•°еӯҰиҜҫзЁӢзӯүгҖӮ

Q2пјҡеңЁе®¶иҮӘеӯҰзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»Ҙз”іиҜ·еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеҗ—пјҹ

AпјҡеҪ“然еҸҜд»ҘпјҒеңЁе®¶иҮӘеӯҰзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹйңҖиҰҒз”ұ家й•ҝе®ҢжҲҗж•ҷеёҲжҺЁиҚҗдҝЎпјҢеҶҚйўқеӨ–жҸҗдәӨдёҖд»Ҫйқһ家дәәж’°еҶҷзҡ„жҺЁиҚҗдҝЎгҖӮ

Q3пјҡеңЁиҖғеҜҹдёҖдёӘеӯҰз”ҹжҳҜеҗҰеҗҲж јж—¶пјҢеҗ„йЎ№жқҗж–ҷеҚ жҜ”жғ…еҶөжҳҜжҖҺж ·зҡ„пјҹ

AпјҡеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰеңЁиҖғж ёз”іиҜ·еӯҰз”ҹж—¶дјҡеҸӮиҖғеӨҡж–№йқўзҡ„з”іиҜ·жқҗж–ҷпјҢдҫӢеҰӮй«ҳдёӯжҲҗз»©гҖҒж ҮеҮҶеҢ–иҖғиҜ•жҲҗз»©гҖҒдёӘдәәйҷҲиҝ°гҖҒжҺЁиҚҗдҝЎзӯүеҶ…е®№пјҢдҪҶеӯҰж ЎеҜ№еҗ„йЎ№жқҗж–ҷзҡ„иҖғ核并没жңүдёҖдёӘжҳҺзЎ®зҡ„жҜ”йҮҚиҖғйҮҸгҖӮжңүдёҖзӮ№еҸҜд»ҘзЎ®е®ҡзҡ„жҳҜпјҢеӯҰз”ҹзҡ„й«ҳдёӯжҲҗз»©еҜ№дәҺз”іиҜ·жҲҗеҠҹдёҺеҗҰжңүеҫҲеӨ§зҡ„е…ізі»пјҢеӣ дёәеӯҰж Ўи®Өдёәй«ҳдёӯжҲҗз»©жҳҜжңҖиғҪдҪ“зҺ°еӯҰз”ҹе°ҶжқҘеӨ§еӯҰжңҹй—ҙеӯҰжңҜиЎЁзҺ°зҡ„дҫқжҚ®гҖӮ

д»ҘдёҠе°ұжҳҜз”іиҜ·еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжүҖйңҖиҰҒеҮҶеӨҮзҡ„з”іиҜ·жқҗж–ҷд»ҘеҸҠйңҖиҰҒжіЁж„Ҹзҡ„ж—¶й—ҙе®үжҺ’гҖӮеҰӮжһңдҪ жғіиҰҒдәҶи§ЈжӣҙеӨҡзҫҺеӣҪеӨ§еӯҰз”іиҜ·зӣёе…ідҝЎжҒҜпјҢиҜ·з»§з»ӯе…іжіЁзҫҺеӣҪз•ҷеӯҰдёӯд»ӢжўҰеҸҜеҫ—ж•ҷиӮІпјҢжҲ‘们дјҡ继з»ӯдёәеӨ§е®¶еҘүдёҠзҫҺеӣҪеҗ„дёӘеҗҚж Ўзҡ„ж·ұеәҰи§ЈжһҗгҖӮ

еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰпјҲWashington University in St. LouisпјүжңүеҫҲеӨҡеӯҰз”ҹйғҪжҳҜйҖҡиҝҮзҫҺеӣҪеӨ§еӯҰиҪ¬еӯҰж–№жі•иҝӣе…ҘиҜҘж Ўзҡ„гҖӮдҪ жғіжҲҗдёәе…¶дёӯзҡ„дёҖе‘ҳеҗ—пјҹдҪ зҹҘйҒ“иҜҘжҖҺж ·иҝӣиЎҢзҫҺеӣҪеӨ§еӯҰиҪ¬еӯҰ规еҲ’еҗ—пјҹдҪ зҹҘйҒ“зҫҺеӣҪиҪ¬еӯҰйңҖиҰҒжіЁж„Ҹе“Әдәӣй—®йўҳеҗ—пјҹ

дёҖгҖҒеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰиҪ¬еӯҰиҰҒжұӮ

1гҖҒй«ҳдёӯжҜ•дёҡдё”еҸӮдёҺдәҶйғЁеҲҶеӨ§еӯҰеӯҰд№ 

2гҖҒжғіиҰҒжҲҗдёәеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰдёҖеҗҚжң¬з§‘йЎ№зӣ®дёӯзҡ„е…Ёж—ҘеҲ¶еӯҰз”ҹ

3гҖҒд№ӢеүҚд»ҺжңӘеңЁеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰзҡ„д»»дҪ•дёҖжүҖеӯҰйҷўе°ұиҜ»

жҜҸе№ҙйғҪжңүеӨ§йҮҸзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹжғіиҪ¬еӯҰиҮіеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰпјҢдҪҶеӯҰж Ўзҡ„еҗҚйўқеҚҒеҲҶжңүйҷҗпјҢеӣ жӯӨйҖ жҲҗдәҶз«һдәүеҚҒеҲҶжҝҖзғҲзҡ„еңәйқўгҖӮеҫҖе№ҙжҲҗеҠҹеҫ—еҲ°иҪ¬еӯҰеҗҚйўқзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹеңЁд№ӢеүҚзҡ„еӨ§еӯҰGPAйғҪиҮіе°‘дёә3.5жҲ–иҖ…3.6пјҢжңүдәӣеӯҰйҷўеҜ№еӯҰз”ҹжҹҗдәӣзү№е®ҡзҡ„иҜҫзЁӢиҝҳжңүдёҚеҗҢзҡ„жҲҗз»©иҰҒжұӮгҖӮдҫӢеҰӮжғіиҰҒеӯҰд№ е·ҘзЁӢпјҢе•ҶдёҡпјҢзү©зҗҶжҲ–иҖ…з”ҹзү©дё“дёҡзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹеҝ…йЎ»иҰҒжңүеҫҲејәзҡ„ж•°еӯҰ科еӯҰиғҢжҷҜгҖӮ

еҰӮжһңеӯҰз”ҹеңЁиҝҮеҺ»зҡ„дёӨе№ҙйғҪжІЎжңүжҺҘеҸ—иҝҮеӨ§еӯҰж•ҷиӮІпјҢжғіиҰҒд»ҘиҪ¬еӯҰз”ҹзҡ„иә«д»Ҫе…ҘиҜ»еңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰпјҢеӯҰж Ўе»әи®®еӯҰз”ҹе…ҲеҺ»е…¶д»–еӨ§еӯҰйҖүдҝ®иҮіе°‘30дёӘеӯҰеҲҶзҡ„иҜҫзЁӢгҖӮеҰӮжһңеӯҰз”ҹзӣ®еүҚжӯЈеңЁе…¶д»–еӯҰж Ўе°ұиҜ»еӨ§дёҖпјҢеӯҰж Ўе»әи®®еӯҰз”ҹиҮіе°‘е®ҢжҲҗдёҖдёӘе®Ңж•ҙзҡ„еӯҰжңҹеҶҚиҪ¬еӯҰгҖӮ

дәҢгҖҒеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰиҪ¬еӯҰз”іиҜ·жқҗж–ҷ

1гҖҒеңЁзәҝз”іиҜ·иЎЁпјҢеӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»ҘйҖүжӢ©Common Applicationзі»з»ҹжҲ–иҖ…Coalition Applicationзі»з»ҹ

2гҖҒ75зҫҺйҮ‘з”іиҜ·иҙ№пјҢеӯҰз”ҹеңЁжҸҗдәӨз”іиҜ·ж—¶еҸҜд»Ҙз”ЁдҝЎз”ЁеҚЎж”Ҝд»ҳз”іиҜ·иҙ№

3гҖҒеӨ§еӯҰе®ҳж–№жҲҗз»©еҚ•

4гҖҒй«ҳдёӯе®ҳж–№жҲҗз»©еҚ•

5гҖҒиҫ…еҜје‘ҳжҺЁиҚҗдҝЎ

6гҖҒеӨ§еӯҰе®ҳж–№жҠҘе‘Ҡ

7гҖҒжңҹдёӯжҠҘе‘ҠпјҢеҰӮжһңдҪ иҝҳжҳҜдёҖдёӘеӨ§дёҖеӯҰз”ҹпјҢдҪ иҮіе°‘иҰҒеңЁд№ӢеүҚзҡ„еӯҰж Ўе®ҢжҲҗдёҖж•ҙдёӘеӯҰжңҹзҡ„иҜҫзЁӢ并жҸҗдәӨе®Ңж•ҙзҡ„жңҹдёӯжҠҘе‘ҠгҖӮ

8гҖҒSATиҖғиҜ•жҲ–иҖ…ACTиҖғиҜ•жҲҗз»©гҖӮеӯҰз”ҹеҝ…йЎ»жҸҗдәӨй«ҳдёӯж—¶жңҹзҡ„SATжҲ–иҖ…ACTжҲҗз»©пјҢеӨ§еӯҰйҮҢеҶҚж¬ЎеҸӮеҠ иҖғиҜ•иҺ·еҫ—зҡ„еҲҶж•°еӯҰж ЎжҳҜдёҚдәҲи®ӨеҸҜзҡ„гҖӮ

9гҖҒиҜӯиЁҖжҲҗз»©пјҢеӣҪйҷ…еӯҰз”ҹеҸҜд»ҘйҖүжӢ©жҸҗдәӨйӣ…жҖқжҲҗз»©жҲ–иҖ…жүҳзҰҸиҖғиҜ•жҲҗз»©гҖӮдҪҶеҰӮжһңеӯҰз”ҹж»Ўи¶ідёҖе®ҡзҡ„жқЎд»¶д№ӢеҗҺпјҢеӯҰж ЎеҸҜд»Ҙе…ҚйҷӨеӯҰз”ҹзҡ„иҜӯиЁҖжҲҗз»©пјҢиҝҷдәӣжқЎд»¶еҢ…жӢ¬пјҡж–°SATиҖғиҜ•ERWйғЁеҲҶжҲҗз»©й«ҳдәҺ650еҲҶпјҢжҲ–иҖ…ж—§SATCritical ReadingйғЁеҲҶжҲҗз»©й«ҳдәҺ600еҲҶпјҢжҲ–иҖ…ACTй«ҳдәҺ29еҲҶгҖӮеҚідҪҝж»Ўи¶ідәҶд»ҘдёҠжқЎд»¶пјҢдёәдәҶеұ•зҺ°еӯҰз”ҹиҮӘиә«иҫғејәзҡ„еӯҰжңҜж°ҙе№іпјҢеӯҰж Ўйј“еҠұеӯҰз”ҹжҸҗдәӨиҜӯиЁҖжҲҗз»©гҖӮпјҲеӯҰж Ўд»Јз ҒпјҡACT2386, SAT6929, TOEFL6929пјү

10гҖҒдҪңе“ҒйӣҶгҖӮз”іиҜ·иүәжңҜеӯҰйҷўжҲ–иҖ…е»әзӯ‘еӯҰйҷўзҡ„еӯҰз”ҹйңҖиҰҒжҸҗдәӨдҪңе“ҒйӣҶгҖӮ

11гҖҒиҙўеҠЎеё®еҠ©жҲ–иҖ…еҘ–еӯҰйҮ‘з”іиҜ·иЎЁгҖӮеҰӮжһңдҪ жңүзӣёе…ізҡ„иҰҒжұӮпјҢиҰҒйўқеӨ–жҸҗдәӨз”іиҜ·иЎЁгҖӮ

дёүгҖҒеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰиҪ¬еӯҰзӣёе…іж—Ҙжңҹ

зӮ№еҮ»жҹҘзңӢеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰиҪ¬еӯҰз”іиҜ·жҲӘжӯўж—ҘжңҹгҖӮ

д»ҘдёҠе°ұжҳҜз”іиҜ·иҪ¬еӯҰиҮіеңЈи·Ҝжҳ“ж–ҜеҚҺзӣӣйЎҝеӨ§еӯҰжүҖйңҖиҰҒеҮҶеӨҮзҡ„з”іиҜ·жқҗж–ҷд»ҘеҸҠйңҖиҰҒжіЁж„Ҹзҡ„ж—¶й—ҙе®үжҺ’гҖӮеҰӮжһңдҪ жғіиҰҒдәҶи§ЈжӣҙеӨҡзҫҺеӣҪеӨ§еӯҰиҪ¬еӯҰзӣёе…ідҝЎжҒҜпјҢиҜ·з»§з»ӯе…іжіЁзҫҺеӣҪз•ҷеӯҰдёӯд»ӢжўҰеҸҜеҫ—ж•ҷиӮІпјҢжҲ‘们дјҡ继з»ӯдёәеӨ§е®¶еҘүдёҠзҫҺеӣҪеҗ„дёӘеҗҚж Ўзҡ„ж·ұеәҰи§ЈжһҗгҖӮ